Why the Use of Adenoviruses as Water Quality Virologic Marker?

Silva, Hugo D.; García-Zapata, Marco Túlio Antônio; Anunciação, Carlos Eduardo

doi:10.1007/s12560-011-9069-2

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Examples of some viral indicator candidates include phages of Bacteroides fragilis and coliphages (e.g., F-RNA phages) [22][23][24][25]. In addition, adenovirus, polyomavirus, norovirus, and enterovirus have been recognized as potential viral markers for human waste contamination [21,[26][27][28]. Hepatitis A and E viruses are associated with poor countries that lack sanitation and strict hygiene controls.…”

Section: Traditional Pathogen Detection Techniques (Culture-based Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended advanced techniques for waterborne pathogen detection in developing countries

Alhamlan

Al‐Qahtani

Al-Ahdal

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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The effect of human activities on water resources has expanded dramatically during the past few decades, leading to the spread of waterborne microbial pathogens. The total global health impact of human infectious diseases associated with pathogenic microorganisms from landbased wastewater pollution was estimated to be approximately three million disability-adjusted life years (DALY), with an estimated economic loss of nearly 12 billion US dollars per year. Although clean water is essential for healthy living, it is not equally granted to all humans. Indeed, people who live in developing countries are challenged every day by an inadequate supply of clean water. Polluted water can lead to health crises that in turn spread waterborne pathogens. Taking measures to assess the water quality can prevent these potential risks. Thus, a pressing need has emerged in developing countries for comprehensive and accurate assessments of water quality. This review presents current and emerging advanced techniques for assessing water quality that can be adopted by authorities in developing countries.

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Section: Traditional Pathogen Detection Techniques (Culture-based Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended advanced techniques for waterborne pathogen detection in developing countries

Alhamlan

Al‐Qahtani

Al-Ahdal

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…There is also serological evidence for infection by CAV on Brazilian maned wolves (de Almeida Curi et al, 2010). HAdV is ubiquitous in human populations (Eick et al, 2011;Ersching et al, 2010), as well as the virus often being found in environmental samples contaminated by human feces (Miagostovich et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2011;Wolf et al, 2010). HAdV-C has occurred in 14 of the 17 samples (82.35%) and 5 samples were co-infected by CAV (29.41%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CAV-1 is the agent of canine infectious hepatitis, while the CAV-2 is one of the agents involved in the etiology of the kennel cough syndrome (Decaro et al, 2008). A number of adenoviruses were also described in human beings and lately being used as reliable markers of fecal contamination of the environment (Silva et al, 2011). Not only adenoviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only adenoviruses. Those viruses are non-enveloped, being highly resistant on the environment; its genomes may be readily detectable on environmental samples (Miagostovich et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2011;Wolf et al, 2010). Other viruses which may be transmitted by the fecal-route are enteroviruses (EV, genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae) and rotaviruses (RV, genus Rotavirus, family Reoviridae), two non-enveloped RNA viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other viruses which may be transmitted by the fecal-route are enteroviruses (EV, genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae) and rotaviruses (RV, genus Rotavirus, family Reoviridae), two non-enveloped RNA viruses. Since they are host-specific viruses and excreted in high titers by the fecal route, its detection and identification may allow the tracking of sources involved on fecal contamination of water and other environmental matrices (Silva et al, 2011;Wolf et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (<italic>Lycalopex gymnocercus</italic>) and crab-eating foxes (<italic>Cerdocyon thous</italic>) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin

et al. 2015

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The spread of enteric viruses of domestic animals and human beings to wild species can be facilitated by the resistance of these viruses on the environment and their ability to be transmitted by water and contaminated food. The health status of the populations of pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) is largely unknown and the landscapes occupied by these animals in southern Brazil have been threatened by human occupation and expansion of agriculture. In this work, the search of genomes of human and canine adenoviruses in feces from these wild carnivores was used to track the dissemination of domestic animals and human pathogens to the free-living populations in a wildlife reserve located in southern Brazil. This was performed by virus-specific differential real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) on stool specimens, avoiding capture and additional stress to the animals. Genus-specific conventional reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was complementarily performed aiming the detection of enteroviruses (EV) and rotaviruses (RV) on these same samples. HAdV genomes were found on 14 out of the 17 (82.35%) stool samples analysed, whereas CAV was found co-infecting 5 of these samples. RV genomes were detected on 7 of the 17 samples (41.18%) and all samples were negative for EV. The results point to the dispersion of HAdV and RV at a high rate to these species of South American wild carnivores, which can be an effect of growing anthropisation of the habitat of these animals.Keywords: Lycalopex gymnocercus, Cerdocyon thous, adenovírus, rotavirus, enterovirus. Adenovírus de origens canina e humana em fezes de graxains (Lycalopex gymnocercus) e cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) de vida livre em São Francisco de Paula, bacia do Rio dos Sinos ResumoA disseminação de vírus entéricos de animais domésticos e seres humanos para espécies selvagens pode ser facilitada pela resistência desses vírus no ambiente e sua capacidade de ser transmitida por água e alimentos contaminados. O estado de saúde das populações de Graxains-do-campo (Lycalopex gymnocercus) e Cachorros-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) é em grande parte desconhecida e as paisagens ocupadas por estes animais no sul do Brasil têm sido ameaçadas pela ocupação humana e a expansão da agricultura. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a pesquisa de genomas de adenovírus humanos (HAdV ) e caninos (CAV-1 e -2) em amostras fezes desses carnívoros selvagens com vistas a diagnosticar a disseminação de patógenos de animais domésticos e seres humanos às populações de vida livre em uma reserva de vida selvagem, localizado no sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas reações em cadeia da polimerase diferenciais e em tempo real (qPCR) de adenovírus específicos em amostras de fezes, evitando a captura e estresse adicional para os animais. PCRs gênero-específicas convencionais com transcrição reversa prévia (RT-PCR) foram ainda realizadas visando a detecção de enterovírus (EV) e rotavírus (RV) nestas mesmas amostras. Genomas de HAdV foram encontrados em 14 a 17...

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Efficiency of two constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment: removal of bacterial indicators and enteric viruses

Kaliakatsos

Kalogerakis

Manios

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Pathogenic microorganisms at the effluents of treatment plants entail a potential risk to public health. Enteric viruses such as adenoviruses (AdVs) and enteroviruses (EVs) are responsible for many waterborne diseases. Wastewater treatment methods eliminate successfully the load of indicators but other pathogens such as viruses have been detected in high concentrations at the effluents of wastewater plants. In this perspective, two constructed wetlands (CWs) systems (S1 and S2) were employed and fed with primary wastewater. S1 consists of a free water surface (FWS) wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) wetland working in series, while S2 consists only of the HSSF. Also, both systems included a sand filter (SF) after the HSSF.RESULTS: Results showed that these low-cost systems are capable of eliminating effectively the bacterial indictors (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococci) achieving removal rates of almost 99% for S1 (3.2-4 Log units) and 89-98% for S2 (1.9-2.7 Log units). Regarding viruses, AdVs, EVs and phages were detected at all sampling points and during all seasons, and they were only partly removed in S1 and/or S2. For example, the virus load was decreased by 2.5 Log units for AdVs and 3.4 Log units for EVs in the case of S1, while the respective values were 4.3 and 1.9 Log units for S2. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, CWs eliminated successfully the bacterial load, while the remaining virus load was significant, thus strengthening the argument that viruses could be a reliable indicator for fecal contamination.

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Why the Use of Adenoviruses as Water Quality Virologic Marker?

Abstract: Adenovirus is the virus that contains the highest amount of features favorable to its use as a virologic marker for water quality. Those pathogens are resistant on the environment, abundant, easily detected by molecular methods and are of great importance in public health.

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Recommended advanced techniques for waterborne pathogen detection in developing countries

Recommended advanced techniques for waterborne pathogen detection in developing countries

Adenoviruses of canine and human origins in stool samples from free-living pampas foxes (<italic>Lycalopex gymnocercus</italic>) and crab-eating foxes (<italic>Cerdocyon thous</italic>) in São Francisco de Paula, Rio dos Sinos basin

Efficiency of two constructed wetland systems for wastewater treatment: removal of bacterial indicators and enteric viruses

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