Why we should invest further in the development of internal combustion engines for road applications

Mahato

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

et al. 2021

The present study focuses on the catalytic conversion of syngas (CO + H2) through Fischer–Tropsch (FT) route using two identically prepared 0.1 wt.% palladium promoted Mesoporous Alumina (MA) and SBA–15 supported Co (15 wt.%) catalysts. The Fischer–Tropsch activity is performed in a fixed bed tubular reactor at temperature 220 °C and pressure 30 bar with H2/CO ratio ~2 having Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV) of 500 h−1. Detail characterizations of the catalysts are carried out using different analytical techniques like N2 adsorption-desorption, Temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR), Temperature-programmed desorption with NH3 (NH3-TPD), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results show that the SBA–15 supported catalyst exhibits higher C6–C12 selectivity (57.5%), and MA supported catalyst facilitates the formation of higher hydrocarbons (C13–C20) having a selectivity of 46.7%. This study attributes the use of both the support materials for the production of liquid hydrocarbons through FT synthesis.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over Pd promoted cobalt based mesoporous supported catalyst

Mahato

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

et al. 2021

“…With a constant injection moment, the NO x emission levels increased by 26% under an average engine load, and by 56% under a higher load because of the increased combustion temperature [53]. Lešnik [54] identified hydrogen as a viable solution to improve the technology level of modern internal combustion engines. In his study, he espouses the benefits of hydrogen use, especially in heavy-duty, commercial automotive, or passenger car diesel engines, in terms of reductions of pollutant emissions [54].…”

Section: Overview Of Hydrogen Utilization In Automotivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lešnik [54] identified hydrogen as a viable solution to improve the technology level of modern internal combustion engines. In his study, he espouses the benefits of hydrogen use, especially in heavy-duty, commercial automotive, or passenger car diesel engines, in terms of reductions of pollutant emissions [54]. Lešnik further affirms that, in the future, internal combustion engines will continue to play an important role in road transportation [54].…”

Section: Overview Of Hydrogen Utilization In Automotivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In his study, he espouses the benefits of hydrogen use, especially in heavy-duty, commercial automotive, or passenger car diesel engines, in terms of reductions of pollutant emissions [54]. Lešnik further affirms that, in the future, internal combustion engines will continue to play an important role in road transportation [54]. Yip [55] studied the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines, focusing in part on diesel engines and analyzing different types of fueling solutions.…”

Section: Overview Of Hydrogen Utilization In Automotivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen—An Alternative Fuel for Automotive Diesel Engines Used in Transportation

et al. 2020

Considering the current environmental restrictions, particularly those imposed on fossil fuel exploitation, hydrogen stands out as a very promising alternative for the power and transportation sectors. This paper investigates the effects of the employment of hydrogen in a K9K automotive diesel engine. Experiments were conducted at a speed of 2000 min−1 with various engine load levels of 40%, 55%, 70%, and 85%; several quantities were monitored to evaluate the performance with hydrogen use in terms of brake-specific energetic consumption (BSEC), fuel economy, maximum pressure, and heat-release characteristics. It was found that at 55% engine load, the engine efficiency increased by 5.3% with hydrogen addition, achieving a diesel fuel economy of 1.32 kg/h. The rate of increase of the peak pressure and maximum pressure started to increase as a consequence of the higher fuel quantity that burned in the premixed combustion phase, while still remaining within reliable operational limits. The accelerated combustion and augmented heat release rate resulted in a combustion duration that was reduced by 3° CA (crank angle degree), achieving a mass fraction burned percentage of 10% to 90% earlier in the cycle, and the combustion variability was also influenced. Hydrogen use assured the decrease of CO2, HC, NOx, and smoke emission levels in comparison with classic fueling.

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

“…Biofuels are typically more efficient than fossil-fuel production, but their use can lead to reducing transportation pollution (Lesnik et al, 2020). In developing countries, energy demand is projected to increase by 90% and about a third of this energy will come from renewable energies, including biofuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and effect of the use of safflower methyl ester and diesel blends in the compression ignition engine

Venkatesan¹,

Seeniappan²,

Shanmugam³

et al. 2021

Energy is vital to the profitable growth of every nation and to stimulate new research. Only natural resources can meet the growing energy demand in recent years, biodiesel has become very interested in the energy as well as environmental advantages that it can be combined with mineral diesel fuel in any quantity. The research focuses on the study of the replacement of diesel with a safflower methyl ester. The engine tests shall be performed using the safflower methyl ester as fuel in the DI diesel engine. The combustion, emission and performance characteristics were studied using alternative fuels and mixtures. SAfflower Methyl Ester 80% (SAME80) and SAME100 have high heat release rates. Nitrogen oxides were higher by about 50%, carbon monoxide decreased by 10%, unburnt hydrocarbon was slightly higher and the thermal efficiency was higher for the SAME than for diesel fuel.