Wide area synchronized HVDC measurement using IEC 61850 communication

Abstract

HVDC-Technology is assuming ever greater importance in the transmission of electric power. This requires development of equipment that takes highly precise and time synchronized measurements in DC systems. The data acquisition, the data transfer and a standardized communication interface are important factors to fulfill the requirements for secure and safe power system operation. This paper describes the development of one such system for HVDC measurement with communications interfaces compliant with IEC 61850. Taking the system modeling as the starting point, the finished measurement system and some initial results of the equipment's operation are presented

Potential of Using Medium Electric Vehicle Fleet in a Commercial Enterprise Transport in Germany on the Basis of Real-World GPS Data

“…Furthermore, based on GPS data and the assumptions made, the daily energy consumption of the vehicle during the departure has been calculated according to Equation (2). Equation (3) shows the value of the charging power at the possible time intervals selected. Examples of the vehicle routes are presented by GPS data, and they are shown in Figure 5.…”

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