Wide-band x-ray optics with a large angular aperture

Abstract

A temperatdre jump apparatds IS aescribed which is based ma'n y on commercially available components. TemperatJre jumps Of aOOUt 2 'C n aboLr 1 5 0~ of aqJe0-s solut'ons can oe produced w thin 10 ps by absorption of the nlrared radiation of a pulsed atom c iod ne aser. The I me range available for I( net c experiments :s aboJt 30 ps to 1 s. Tne necessaw moa fications 01 tne commercial iodine laser are discussed A prom nent IeatJre of the apparatds s the very hign sensit vity of the spectropnotometric detection system in the visible spectra range Signa -to-noise ratios of u p to 2 x 10' are reached at a time reso Jtion of 1 ps A metnod is described to aeterm ne tne size 01 the temperature .-mp of each ina vidLal exper ment. Thus not only the relaxation I mes wh.ch are ndependent of the s ze of sma I IemperatLre jumps. can be evaluatea OJI a so the corresponding relaxation amp IlJdeS can be determ ned in a precise manner FLrtnermore. an effective metnod to recyc e the .aser medium I-C,F,I IS describea.

Overview of polycapillary X-ray optics

“…The production of multifiber monocapillary optics was reported by Arkd'ev et al in 1989 and then by Kumakhov and Komarov in 1990. These first-generation optics were comprised of an array of single, thin-walled glass capillaries supported and aligned by several metal screens along the length of the optic.…”

Geometrical description of the X-ray capillaries with assumed reflection features

“…Transmission of X-rays by capillary waveguides attracted a lot of attention during last two decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The quantitative description of the process was possible within frames of both geometrical and wave optics, with both approaches having their bonus side in the special cases.…”

Polycapillary X-ray optics for microdiffraction

“…Kumakhov polycapillary optics are arrays of hollow glass tubes used to collect, focus and redirect X-ray and neutron beams (Arkad'ev et al, 1989). These optics guide X-rays by total re¯ection (Jentzch, 1929;Hirsch & Keller, 1951) from the capillary surfaces at very small angles, as do the grazing-incidence mirrors commonly used in synchrotron beamlines and X-ray telescopes.…”