Wideband Flexible/Transparent Connected-Ground MIMO Antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN Applications

Desai, Arpan; Palandöken, Merih; Kulkarni, Jayshri; Byun, Gangil; Nguyen, Truong Khang

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123366

Cited by 94 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The emitted radiation pattern influenced by simultaneous port excitation is understood using ECC. The simulated value of ECC for the proposed transparent MIMO antenna is <0.05 for case 1 and <0.03 for case 2, as illustrated in Figure 12, which is well under the limit of 0.1 as recommended in [29].…”

Section: Mimo Diversity Analysissupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The single-element antenna geometry is optimized and in the next stage, the same antenna geometry is replicated along the horizontal and vertical direction to form a dual-element structure with the separate ground in case 1 and connected ground in case 2. S parameters and MIMO diversity parameters are calculated in terms of ECC, DG, MEG, and CCL, where all the results meet the ideal values as suggested in [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The MIMO diversity performance is analyzed in terms of ECC, MEG, TARC, DG, and CCL, where it is ensured that the proposed antenna meets the diversity requirements recommended in [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Mimo Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ECC, which is an important diversity parameter, conveys the field correlation amid antenna elements in a MIMO system, which is calculated from far-field parameters referring to Equation (1) [29].…”

Section: Mimo Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent 2-Element 5G MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications

et al. 2022

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A dual-port transparent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna resonating at sub-6 GHz 5G band is proposed by using patch/ground material as transparent conductive oxide (AgHT-8) and a transparent Plexiglas substrate. Two identical circular-shaped radiating elements fed by using a microstrip feedline are designed using the finite element method (FEM) based high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. The effect of the isolation mechanism is discussed using two cases. In case 1, the two horizontally positioned elements are oriented in a similar direction with a separate ground plane, whereas in case 2, the elements are vertically placed facing opposite to each other with an allied ground. In both cases, the transparent antennas span over a −10 dB band of 4.65 to 4.97 GHz (300 MHz) with isolation greater than 15 dB among two elements. The diversity parameters are also analyzed for both the cases covering the correlation coefficient (ECC), mean effective gain (MEG), diversity gain (DG), and channel capacity loss (CCL). The average gain and efficiency above 1 dBi and 45%, respectively with satisfactory MIMO diversity performance, makes the transparent MIMO antenna an appropriate choice for smart IoT devices working in the sub-6 GHz 5G band by mitigating the co-site location and visual clutter issues.

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Section: Mimo Diversity Analysissupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Mimo Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mimo Diversity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent 2-Element 5G MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications

et al. 2022

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“…The SRR was first recommended by Pendry [ 11 ] and experimentally demonstrated by Smith et al [ 12 ]. To achieve surface wave suppression, the SRR inhabits double-negative properties, including negative values for permittivity and its permeability being within the operating frequency range of the sub-6 GHz band [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], while EBG only possesses negative permittivity [ 16 ]. Thus, the SRR has an advantage over the EBG, because the phase and the energy of the electromagnetic waves in the double-negative media flow in opposite directions, which makes the wave move in a backward direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

Wajid

Ahmad

Ullah

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper presents the performance comparison of a dual-band conventional antenna with a split-ring resonator (SRR)- and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)-based dual-band design operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The compactness and dual-frequency operation in the legacy Wi-Fi range of this design make it highly favorable for wearable sensor network-based Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Considering the current need for wearable antennas, wash cotton (with a relative permittivity of 1.51) is used as a substrate material for both conventional and metamaterial-based antennas. The radiation characteristics of the conventional antenna are compared with the EBG and SRR ground planes-based antennas in terms of return loss, gain, and efficiency. It is found that the SRR-based antenna is more efficient in terms of gain and surface wave suppression as well as more compact in comparison with its two counterparts. The compared results are found to be based on two distinct frequency ranges, namely, 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. The suggested SRR-based antenna exhibits improved performance at 5.4 GHz, with gains of 7.39 dbi, bandwidths of 374 MHz, total efficiencies of 64.7%, and HPBWs of 43.2 degrees. The measurements made in bent condition are 6.22 db, 313 MHz, 52.45%, and 22.3 degrees, respectively. The three considered antennas (conventional, EBG-based, and SRR-based) are designed with a compact size to be well-suited for biomedical sensors, and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis is performed to ensure user safety. In addition, the performance of the proposed antenna under bending conditions is also considered to present a realistic approach for a practical antenna design.

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Optically Transparent Metasurface with High RF Transmittance and Wide‐Angle Stability for Dual Bands and Dual Polarizations

Jiang

Liang

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Glass windows are an important part of indoor‐to‐outdoor wireless communication channels, but the transmission loss of the normal glass limits the quality of the radio frequency (RF) signals, especially for the transverse‐electric (TE) polarized waves incident at large angles due to the impendence mismatch. Although some design methods for wide‐angle high RF transmission (WHRT) have been proposed recently, they can only work in a single frequency band. Here, an optically transparent metasurface is presented to realize high RF transmissions for dual polarizations in dual bands (2.2–3.2 and 4.4–5.2 GHz) and wide incidence angles (0–80°). The central frequencies of the two bands can be tuned independently by changing the structural parameters. A theory based on the transmission line (TL) model is proposed to explain the mechanism of the design, and a prototype is fabricated by using flexible printed circuit technology. The measured results of the prototype have good agreement with numerical calculations and full‐wave simulations. The design is expected to be beneficial to improve the quality of wireless signals in 5G systems.

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Wideband Flexible/Transparent Connected-Ground MIMO Antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN Applications

Cited by 94 publications

References 31 publications

Transparent 2-Element 5G MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications

Transparent 2-Element 5G MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications

Performance Analysis of Wearable Dual-Band Patch Antenna Based on EBG and SRR Surfaces

Optically Transparent Metasurface with High RF Transmittance and Wide‐Angle Stability for Dual Bands and Dual Polarizations

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