Wideband Magnetic Excitation System for Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilevers with Megahertz-Order Resonance Frequency

Hirata, Kaito; Igarashi, Takumi; Suzuki, Keita; Miyazawa, Keisuke; Fukuma, Takeshi

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65980-4

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This direct excitation of the cantilever successfully eliminates the spurious resonances in the liquid [31] with a Q-factor of 3-20. [48,49,[55][56][57] However, there still exist several shortcomings in magnetic excitation. First, the existence of magnetic coatings or magnetic particles increases the complexity of cantilever fabrication.…”

Section: Excitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and Applications of Liquid‐Environment Atomic Force Microscopy

Chen

Liao

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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has been devoted to these areas due to the appearance of divergent phenomena at different scales, such as macroscopic fluid dynamics, mesoscopic hydrogen bond network, and nanoscopic hydration layer. Especially, as the basis of numerous important but complex physicochemical processes, such as dissolution, crystallization, corrosion, catalysis, protein folding, and so on, [10][11][12][13][14][15] the research of the underlying mechanism and atomic dynamics at the solid-liquid interface call for characterization technology of both high spatial and temporal resolution in liquid. Furthermore, forces between solid objects in liquid are very different from those in vacuum or air due to the emergence of the solid-liquid interface, and the measurement of these forces could provide a unique pathway to understanding the system dynamics in liquid. As a whole, an in-depth understanding of a solid-liquid system calls for efficient characterization techniques of high spatial and temporal resolution, as well as force measurement of high sensitivity. For various widely adopted characterization methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, [16] sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy, [17] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, [18] environment scanning electron microscope, [19] surface force apparatus, [20] and so on, only one or two of these goals could be achieved. By contrast, the fast-developing atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a feasible strategy for the investigation of solid-liquid interfaces.AFM was invented in 1986 for obtaining the high-resolution surface topography of materials [21] regardless of their electrical conductivity, which utilizes a cantilever as the force sensor to raster scan the interaction between a sample and a tip at the cantilever's free end and obtains the sample topography through a feedback control system. Three years later, Hansma's group [22] applied AFM in the liquid environment for the first time and obtained atomic-scale images of a mica surface, which unveiled the prelude to the application of LE-AFM. However, the static mode used by early LE-AFM was invasive to the sample during raster scanning. When LE-AFM was applied to susceptible samples such as biological materials, the static scanning mode is no longer adequate. To overcome this issue, various dynamic modes were proposed, including amplitude modulation (AM) mode, frequency modulation (FM) mode, and so on. In 1994, Putman et al. [23,24] applied AM mode LE-AFM to image monkey Liquid environment is essential for the occurrence of various vital processes in fields of chemistry, biology, mechanics, and so on, underscoring the importance of understanding the solid-liquid interfaces. In the past decades, liquid-environment atomic force microscopy (LE-AFM) has played a nonsubstitutable role in studying solid-liquid interfaces because of its sub-nanometer spatial resolution, video-level imaging rates as well as piconewton-level force measuring capabilities. Various state-of-the-art developments and exciting applications are made r...

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Section: Excitation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles and Applications of Liquid‐Environment Atomic Force Microscopy

Chen

Liao

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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“…It has already been demonstrated that overly sensitive dynamic responses to external forces such as tip-sample interaction forces are simply acquired by exploiting multifrequency excitation schemes [2][3][4][5][6]. The micro-cantilever can be excited using different methods such as photoacoustic [7], magnetic [8], electrostatic [9], and piezoelectric [10] methods. When compared to monomodal operations, implementing multi-frequency excitation schemes for driving an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) micro-cantilever can yield higher observables sensitivity to tip-sample interaction force at the fundamental (first) or the higher eigenmodes [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-modal nonlinear dynamic model to investigate time-domain responses of a micro-cantilever in fluids

Yilmaz

2024

Eng. Res. Express

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In this current work, a new nonlinear dynamic model based on the forced Van der Pol oscillator is introduced to demonstrate the time-domain sensitivities of the micro-cantilever to the varying properties of the surrounding fluids. Effects of diverse multi-frequency excitations on the hydrodynamically forced displacements are investigated for the Glycerol-water solutions with different concentrations. Driving forces at the eigenmode frequencies are applied simultaneously to actuate the micro-cantilever in multi-modal operations. The hydrodynamic force induces notable variations in the observables of high-frequency steady-state vibrations. To illustrate, the frequency of the displacements decreases with increasing dynamic viscosity and density of the fluids (among 55% and 85% Glycerol-water solutions) in bimodal- and trimodal-frequency excitations. Essentially, the observable responses are often used to distinguish the surrounding fluids in which the micro-cantilever operates. In addition, steady-state observables are achieved at only particular eigenmodes in single- and multi-frequency operations. It is highlighted that the periodic oscillations are obtained for the first and second eigenmodes with the highest value of forced Van der Pol parameter (μ =1030). Clearly, higher eigenmodes require different values of the nonlinearity parameter to acquire periodic vibrations in multi-modal operations. In general, achieving steady-state observables is substantially critical in quantifying sensitivity to varying fluid properties. For instance, the vibration frequency of around 7.33 MHz and amplitude of around 0.03 pm are obtained at the first eigenmode for 75% Glycerol-water solution in tetra-modal operations. Note that femtometer amplitudes of deflections can be measured using quantum-enhanced AFM techniques. The frequency responses obtained in this work are compared with the measured ones in the literature and the results show satisfactory agreements. Therefore, a novel multi-modal nonlinear dynamic model enables to quantify observable sensitivity to micro-rheological properties at higher eigenmodes of the micro-cantilever.

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Theoretical and experimental approaches for fluidic AFM operations and rheological measurements using micro-cantilevers

Yilmaz

2024

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Wideband Magnetic Excitation System for Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilevers with Megahertz-Order Resonance Frequency

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Principles and Applications of Liquid‐Environment Atomic Force Microscopy

Principles and Applications of Liquid‐Environment Atomic Force Microscopy

A multi-modal nonlinear dynamic model to investigate time-domain responses of a micro-cantilever in fluids

Theoretical and experimental approaches for fluidic AFM operations and rheological measurements using micro-cantilevers

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