Widely tunable single-mode quantum cascade laser source for mid-infrared spectroscopy

Lee, Benjamin G.; Belkin, Mikhail; Audet, Ross M.; MacArthur, J.; Diehl, Laurent; Pflügl, C.; Capasso, Federico; Oakley, D.C.; Chapman, David C.; Napoleone, A.; Bour, D. P.; Corzine, S.; Höfler, G. E.; Faist, Jérôme

doi:10.1063/1.2816909

Cited by 202 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Absorption spectra of isopropanol (squares), methanol (triangles), and acetone (circles) taken using the DFB-QCL array source and using a Bruker Vertex 80v FTIR (continuous lines). This was previously reported in [11].…”

Section: Threshold and Slope Efficienciessupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The analytes were contained in a transparent BaF fluid cell with a 23.6-m chamber thickness. The measurement result was previously reported in [11]. The absorption spectra obtained using the DFB-QCL array (only 31 lasers were used from the array since one was damaged) are shown, and compared to those obtained using a conventional Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).…”

Section: Applications Of Dfb-qcl Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our device is based on an array of DFB-QCLs, monolithically integrated on the same chip, as outlined in our previous work [11]. We fabricated several arrays of 32 lasers on a single chip, as shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

Lee

Belkin

Pflügl

et al. 2009

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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102

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Abstract-DFB quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) arrays operating between 8.7 and 9.4 m are investigated for their performance characteristics-single-mode selection of the DFB grating, and variability in threshold, slope efficiency, and output power of different lasers in the array. Single-mode selection refers to the ability to choose a desired mode/frequency of laser emission with a DFB grating. We apply a theoretical framework developed for general DFB gratings to analyze DFB-QCL arrays. We calculate how the performance characteristics of DFB-QCLs are affected by the coupling strength of the grating, and the relative position of the mirror facets at the ends of the laser cavity with respect to the grating. We discuss how single-mode selection can be improved by design. Several DFB-QCL arrays are fabricated and their performance examined. We achieve desired improvements in single-mode selection, and we observe the predicted variability in the threshold, slope efficiency, and output power of the DFB-QCLs. As a demonstration of potential applications, the DFB-QCL arrays are used to perform infrared absorption spectroscopy with fluids.Index Terms-DFB lasers, infrared spectroscopy, mid-infrared, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), semiconductor lasers.

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Section: Threshold and Slope Efficienciessupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Applications Of Dfb-qcl Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

Lee

Belkin

Pflügl

et al. 2009

IEEE J. Quantum Electron.

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102

110

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“…Challenges arise from reliably achieving single-mode operation at deterministic wavelength for each laser element in combination with a uniform distribution of high output power across the array and a centre-lobed far-field emission pattern. In mid-infrared region, distributed feedback QCL arrays have been capable of single-mode output continuously tunable over the whole spectral range between 8.73 and 9.43 μm, by employing a combination of electrical switching and temperature tuning [21]. However, the operation was limited by variation in output power between the individual QCLs, which was attributed to the influence of device facet on mode selection.…”

Section: Brief Review Of Qcl Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Amplification and Coherent Combination Techniques for Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers

Xie¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

Quantum Cascade Lasers

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Power amplification and coherent combination are important ways to improve the output power and beam quality of single-mode terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs). Up to date, the tapered waveguide is the most convenient way to amplify the power of THz QCLs. The self-focusing effect in tapered THz QCLs induces nonmonotonic behaviours of the peak power and far-field beam divergence, which lead to the existence of optimal structural parameters. The surface and lateral grating techniques have also been employed in tapered THz QCLs to further improve the spectral purity. For coherent combinations, the progress of facet-emitting phase-locked arrays of THz QCLs is still limited due to both the lack of the understanding of dynamics of coupled QCLs and the difficulties in designing high-performance coupled waveguides. We will briefly review the developments of coherent arrays of THz QCLs and present a design of monolithic QCL arrays with common coupled cavity to achieve the optical mutual injection, which may provide a new way for coherent combination of THz QCLs.

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“…For spectroscopy, such an array of quantum cascade DFB diode lasers, ranging from 8.7-9. 4 µm, has been demonstrated [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and sensitive time-multiplexed gas sensing of multiple lines using a miniature telecom diode laser between 1529 nm and 1565 nm

et al. 2011

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High-sensitive multi-species detection around 1550 nm using a modulated grating Y-branch, MG-Y, diode laser tunable between 1529 nm and 1565 nm is presented. The MG-Y diode laser is based on the Vernier effect of two modulated gratings, and exhibits quasi-continuous tuning over 36 nm. Multi-species detection is achieved by fast sequential scanning of single absorption lines of CH 4 , CO, C 2 H 2 , and CO 2 distributed over the tuning range of the diode laser. The laser wavelength is scanned about 10 GHz around each absorption line for 5 ms and this is followed by a discrete large jump in operating wavelength to the next line.The MG-Y diode laser has a good repeatability in output frequency between sequential scan segments (<10 MHz) enabling averaging of the scans. The setup employs digital wavelength modulation spectroscopy, dWMS, with Fourier-

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Widely tunable single-mode quantum cascade laser source for mid-infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 202 publications

References 15 publications

DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

DFB Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

Power Amplification and Coherent Combination Techniques for Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers

Fast and sensitive time-multiplexed gas sensing of multiple lines using a miniature telecom diode laser between 1529 nm and 1565 nm

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