Widespread fluid expulsion on a translational continental margin: Mud volcanoes, fault zones, headless canyons, and organic-rich substrate in Monterey Bay, California

Orange, Daniel L.; Greene, H. Gary; Reed, Don C.; Martin, Jonathan B.; McHugh, C. M.; Ryan, William B. F.; Maher, Norman; Stakes, Debra S.; Barry, James

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0992:wfeoat>2.3.co;2

Cited by 86 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Efforts were focused on 4 sites within Monterey Bay ( Fig. 2; Barry et al 1996, Orange et al 1999. Mount Crushmore is located in a vertically fractured region at ~635 m depth along the walls of the Monterey Canyon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific variation in sulfide physiology between closely related Vesicomyid clams

Goffredi

Barry²

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Symbioses involving sulfide-oxidizing bacteria and metazoan phyla dominate invertebrate assemblages at cold seeps and hydrothermal vents worldwide. The predominant species inhabiting cold seeps in Monterey Bay are the vesicomyid clams Calyptogena kilmeri and C. pacifica. The growth and survival of these clams depend directly upon the productivity of their chemoautotrophic endosymbionts, which is fueled by the oxidation of sulfide. For this reason, sulfide availability and sulfide-related physiology are thought to be the most influential factors governing the productivity of these associations. Both species inhabit sulfide-rich sediments and depend nutritionally on their symbionts, yet many aspects of their life histories differ considerably. Our results indicate that C. pacifica, which inhabits areas with lower environmental sulfide levels, is physiologically poised for the uptake and transport of sulfide, indicated by increased sulfide consumption rates, sulfide-binding ability, and internal sulfide levels. C. pacifica also has a greater potential for symbiont energy turnover, supported by increased sulfide oxidation potential, enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism, and bacterial densities. Conversely, C. kilmeri demonstrates a less effective sulfide uptake mechanism and, therefore, a specific need for higher environmental sulfide levels. It appears that the abilities of these 2 species to process sulfide differ greatly and reflect not only the environments in which they are found but also the capabilities of their symbionts. This research represents the first comparative investigation of the physiological functioning of closely related species in chemosynthetic symbioses and elucidates the constraints and advantages posed by different modes of sulfide (energy) uptake and assimilation in these, and perhaps other, symbiotic organisms.KEY WORDS: Vesicomyid · Chemoautotrophic · Symbiont · Monterey · Physiology · Sulfide · Calyptogena Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 225: [227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238] 2002 Despite seemingly similar modes of existence, Calyptogena kilmeri and C. pacifica appear to use different ecological and physiological strategies to thrive in the seep environment. For instance, the densities of C. kilmeri and C. pacifica are known to vary depending upon the chemical conditions of the sediment pore water in which they are found (Barry et al. 1996(Barry et al. , 1997. Seeps in Monterey Bay exhibit a broader range of environmental sulfide variability than most chemosynthetic systems (0 to 18 mM ∑H 2 S in sediments as shallow as 4 cm), and thus, provide an opportunity for comparison of species inhabiting extreme chemical gradients. C. kilmeri dominates in areas with the highest sulfide exposure reported to date (4 to 18 mM), whereas C. pacifica dominates in areas of lower sulfide (0 to 4 mM; Barry et al. 1996Barry et al. , 1997. This difference in habitat sulfide suggests potential difference...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific variation in sulfide physiology between closely related Vesicomyid clams

Goffredi

Barry²

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…[67] In Monterey Bay, offshore of California, abundant cold fluid seeps and mud volcanoes are connected with the transform fault separating the Pacific and North America Plates [Orange et al, 1999]. Often, small (tens of meters across) mounds are covered with authigenic carbonate crusts, which originate from bacterial oxidation of the methane-rich fluids.…”

Section: A4 California/nevada/wyomingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Mud Volcanism

Kopf

2002

Reviews of Geophysics

747

646

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Mud volcanism and diapirism have puzzled geoscientists for ∼2 centuries. They have been described onshore and offshore in many places on Earth, and although they occur in various tectonic settings, the majority of the features known to date are located in compressional tectonic scenarios. This paper summarizes the main thrusts in mud volcano research as well as the various regions in which mud volcanism has been described. Mud volcanoes show variable geometry (up to tens of kilometers in diameter and several hundred meters in height) and a great diversity regarding the origin of the fluid and solid phases. Gas (predominantly methane), water, and mud may be mobilized at subbottom depth of only a few meters but, in places, can originate from several kilometers depth (with minor crustal or mantle input). The possible contribution of mud extrusion to global budgets, both from quiescent fluid emission and from the extrusive processes themselves, is important. In regions where mud volcanoes are abundant, such as the collision zones between Africa and Eurasia, fluid flux through mud extrusion exceeds the compaction‐driven pore fluid expulsion of the accretionary wedge. Also, quiescent degassing of mud volcanoes may contribute significantly to volatile budgets and, hence, to greenhouse climate.

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“…Brecciated structures previously reported for the Apennine carbonates are similar to textures due to crystallisation and growth of irregular gas hydrate layers in fractures and bedding planes as reported by Suess et al (1999), and vuggy fabrics noticeably resemble globular structures of gas hydrates lining former gas bubbles as described by Bohrmann et al (1998). Even if these features are not only necessarily linked to dissociation of gas hydrates (Orange et al 1999), it is noteworthy that structures described in modern vent areas where hydrates have been documented are particularly abundant in Apennine foredeep pelitic intervals. In addition, the inferred values of water depth of the examined foredeep sediments (250-800 m, as reported by Aharon and Sen Gupta 1994) are compatible with gas hydrate stability field (Dickens and Quinby-Hunt 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Thus, diagnostic compositional and sedimentological criteria for their identification are reported by various authors (Goedert and Squires 1990;Beauchamp and Savard 1992;Bitter et al 1992;Gaillard et al 1992;Kelly et al 1995;Kauffman et al 1996;Conti and Fontana 1999;Callender and Powell 1999). In addition, the morphology of carbonate precipitates and the associated brecciated structures can be used to infer the intensity and style of fluid expulsion, allowing differentiation between diffuse fluid flow and discrete-intense fluid venting (Campbell and Bottjer 1993;Orange et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sediment instability related to fluid venting in Miocene authigenic carbonate deposits of the northern Apennines (Italy)

Conti

Fontana

2002

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Chemosynthetic carbonates, identified by isotopic, palaeoecological and sedimentological features, are concentrated in middle-late Miocene satellite and foredeep deposits of the northern Apennines. Chemoherms in the foredeep are hosted in thick pelitic intervals, probably deposited in intrabasinal structural highs, which are entirely or partly involved in large slumps, in many cases associated with extrabasinal slides. Sediment textures in carbonates and in the enclosing foredeep pelitic sediments indicate a link between hydrocarbon-fluid venting, sediment deformation and mobilisation, and tectonics. The intensity and style of fluid release phases directly influenced chemoherm typology, and also determined overpressure conditions in low shear strength pelitic sediments, favouring sediment mobilisation and influencing slope instability, which widely affected the Apennine foredeep. Chemosynthetic carbonates are associated with sites of tectonically fractured and compressed sediments in the Apennine foredeep-thrust belt system, thus indicating a relation with the tectonic loading of the Apennine thrust-sheets, which favoured fluid expulsion along forerunner faults. Possible gas hydrate contributions to fluid expulsion processes are discussed, based on sediment textures compared with modern vent areas. Finally, sediment instability may have facilitated a large amount of fluid escape, thus stopping carbonate precipitation.

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Widespread fluid expulsion on a translational continental margin: Mud volcanoes, fault zones, headless canyons, and organic-rich substrate in Monterey Bay, California

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Species-specific variation in sulfide physiology between closely related Vesicomyid clams

Species-specific variation in sulfide physiology between closely related Vesicomyid clams

Significance of Mud Volcanism

Sediment instability related to fluid venting in Miocene authigenic carbonate deposits of the northern Apennines (Italy)

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