Wild to domesticates: genomes of edible diploid bananas hold traces of several undefined genepools

Abstract

This study is an unprecedent exploration of the diversity of 226 diploid bananas genotyped with restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing data (RADseq) to clarify the processes that led to the creation of edible diploid AA bananas. This wide set included 72 seedy bananas, mostly M. acuminata from different genepools, and 154 edible, i.e. parthenocarpic and sterile, AA accessions obtained from genebanks and recent collecting missions. We highlighted the geographic organisation of the diversity of edible AAs and confirmed the admixed nature of many and further conducted introgressions tests within AAs from South East Asia and New Guinea. Lastly, taking advantage of the presence of an important number of M. acuminata ssp. banksii (22) and of AA from Papua New Guinea (76) in the set, we investigated the patterns of differentiation between wild and cultivated bananas seemingly belonging to the same genepool. We discovered a few cultivated AAs that may be of pure origins both in South-East Asia and in New Guinea. We also detected two undefined parental genepools in South East Asia for which regions of origin could be Thailand and a region between north Borneo and the Philippines, respectively. Finally, we suggest the existence of a third genepool in New Guinea island that might be a source population for both edible AAs and the local M. acuminata ssp. banksii.

High‐throughput phenotyping reveals differential transpiration behaviour within the banana wild relatives highlighting diversity in drought tolerance

“…These phenotypic clusters were, except for M. acuminata ssp. errans, in agreement with previous genetic characterisations (Figure 10; Martin et al, 2020;Perrier et al, 2009;Sardos et al, 2016Sardos et al, , 2021.…”

“…A diversity panel of eight wild banana genotypes belonging to six (sub)species (Table 1) were phenotyped for 5 weeks (October–November) at the Phenodyn platform (Sadok et al, 2007). These (sub)species comprise most of the known ancestors of the cultivated banana species (Carreel et al, 2002; Martin et al, 2020; Perrier et al, 2011; Sardos et al, 2021).…”

Comparative plastome analysis of Musaceae and new insights into phylogenetic relationships

“…ssp. burmannica is the earliest diversified, consistent with the previous studies covering four M. acuminata subspecies based on whole genomes [ 22 ] and 72 M. acuminata accessions using restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing data [ 45 ]. Consistently with previous studies [ 5 , 6 , 17 ], we found that M. acuminata clustered closely with four species from sect.…”

A chromosome-level reference genome of Ensete glaucum gives insight into diversity, chromosomal and repetitive sequence evolution in the Musaceae

“…Our low level of heterozygosity is within the range found in individual plants in populations of M. acuminata ssp. banksii (0.02% to 0.34% in 24 individuals, [25]; and 0.13% to 0.23%, [26]), and in other wild monocotyledonous species including two (most likely self-pollinating) diploid oat species (0.07% heterozygosity in Avena atlantica and 0.12% A. eriantha [27]); it is however, low compared to other species (e.g. walnut, Juglans nigra 1.0%, [28]; Nyssa sinensis 0.87%, [29]) and in particular many Musa species, some with known hybrid genome composition [26].…”