Wildfires and wood stoves: Woodsmoke toxicity and chemical characterization study in the north-western United States

High-Resolution Modeling and Apportionment of Diesel-Related Contributions to Black Carbon Concentrations

“…Analysis of modeled wildfire smoke concentrations from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh Smoke model shows that wildfire smoke was not significantly impacting the area during the study period (see Figure S1). The fine particulate matter in wildfire smoke is dominated by organic carbon, with black carbon making up only about 2–5% by mass. − Residential biomass burning is not common in summer months so these BC sources were likewise not included.…”

Sixth Oregon climate assessment

“…In one study, per unit mass of consumed fuel, the total mass of PAHs emitted was skewed towards vapor-phase PAHs, mainly due to the release of low molecular weight PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorine, phenanthrene, and anthracene (Samburova et al 2016). Although prior studies detected lower levels of high molecular weight PAHs in the particle phase in woodsmoke, the emissions from vapor-phase PAHs were not assessed (Hadley et al 2021). In a separate study, the average outdoor air concentrations of vapor-phase, high molecular weight PAHs were 86 times higher during wildfires than before or after (Ghetu et al 2022).…”

“…Urbanski et al (2009) provide a comprehensive review of differences in wildfire emissions among fuel types. Although fuel source affects the composition of smoke (Rager et al 2021), preliminary evidence from wildfires and controlled burn experiments indicates that fuel source is only one of several factors controlling differences in smoke composition (Urbanski et al 2009, Hadley et al 2021, Rager et al 2021, Sparks and Wagner 2021.…”

“…Wildfire smoke also contains volatile organic compounds, including PAHs and gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide , Messier et al 2019, O'Dell et al 2020, EPA 2021b, Hadley et al 2021, Rager et al 2021, Ghetu et al 2022. The concentration of PAHs in both particle and vapor phases increases during wildfires relative to ambient (no wildfire) conditions (Samburova et al 2016, Messier et al 2019, Hadley et al 2021, Rager et al 2021, Ghetu et al 2022. Although PM 2.5 is the main pollutant of concern, and best characterized in the literature, PAHs also are detected during wildfires.…”

“…PAHs are formed via incomplete combustion and include over 1000 semi-volatile and volatile organic chemicals that each have a minimum of two benzene rings. PAHs include low and high molecular weight compounds in both particle and vapor phases; for example, concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene and naphthalene are highly correlated with that of PM 2.5 (Hadley et al 2021). Emission factors of vapor-phase PAHs are higher than those of particle-phase PAHs (Samburova et al 2016).…”