Wildlife: The Need to Better Understand the Linkages

Rostal, Melinda K.; Olival, Kevin J.; Loh, Elizabeth H.; Karesh, William B.

doi:10.1007/82_2012_271

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Although cats and dogs still rank highest in the U.S. pet population (17), the popularity of nontraditional or exotic pets is growing (9,(19)(20)(21). Combined with the expanding impact of changes in land usage and other anthropogenic activities affecting wildlife habitats (22) and the associated movement of and exposure to animals and animal products (11,12,23,24), these trends are thought to contribute to the increased risk of transmission of known and novel zoonoses (9,14,(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

2013

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SUMMARY In a world where most emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature and our contacts with both domestic and wild animals abound, there is growing awareness of the potential for human acquisition of animal diseases. Like other Pasteurellaceae , Pasteurella species are highly prevalent among animal populations, where they are often found as part of the normal microbiota of the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts. Many Pasteurella species are opportunistic pathogens that can cause endemic disease and are associated increasingly with epizootic outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission to humans usually occurs through animal bites or contact with nasal secretions, with P. multocida being the most prevalent isolate observed in human infections. Here we review recent comparative genomics and molecular pathogenesis studies that have advanced our understanding of the multiple virulence mechanisms employed by Pasteurella species to establish acute and chronic infections. We also summarize efforts being explored to enhance our ability to rapidly and accurately identify and distinguish among clinical isolates and to control pasteurellosis by improved development of new vaccines and treatment regimens.

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confidence: 99%

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

2013

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“…As shown with vulpine rabies in Europe, disease control must take a holistic approach incorporating ecology and epidemiology theory (Rostal et al 2013). These findings together are helpful for rabies management by identifying that the numbers of pickups are greater along animal walkways and habitat in the urban area and that messaging of risk may need to expand to include skunk rabies in somewhat more rural areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recognizing the Role of Skunks in Human and Animal Rabies Exposures in the Southwest

Clark

Taylor

García

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Rabies is arguably the most important viral zoonotic disease worldwide with an estimated 55,000 human deaths each year. Globally, dogs are the primary animals affected. In the United States, especially on the East Coast, raccoons and bats are the primary reservoir. However, in the southwestern United States, skunk and bat rabies play a large role. We describe the epidemiology and environmental risk factors associated with rabies in the US Southwest using exposure data for 2004-2012 from one Arizona county as a case study. Unlike other parts of the country, here bats and skunks are the most commonly collected positive animals (62% and 32%, respectively). Even though most of the positive animals were bats, human and domestic animal exposures were primarily a result of skunk interactions (58% and 50%, respectively). Consequently, the majority of exposures occur early in the year, January and February, when the majority of skunk pickups also occur. Using public health surveillance data, our study highlights the importance of recognizing the role of skunks in human and animal exposures in the southwestern United States. Consistent with a "One Health" approach, our data show how wildlife and domestic animal and human exposures are associated and informative to one another.

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“…There is a dearth of research addressing the crucial role of wildlife in the epidemiology of pathogens that cross the human–livestock–wildlife interface (Miller et al., ; Rostal et al., ; Greig et al., ). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate Salmonella shedding among feral pigs in Texas or any of the other leading states for feral pig numbers in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of wildlife in the ecology and transmission of foodborne pathogens is poorly understood (Miller et al., ; Rostal et al., ; Greig et al., ). Feral pigs ( Sus scrofa ) are one of the most abundant free‐roaming ungulates in the United States, with a population currently estimated to exceed 6 million (USDA, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Feral Pigs Throughout Texas

Cummings

Rodriguez‐Rivera

Grigar

et al. 2015

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Feral pigs are one of the most abundant free-roaming ungulates in the United States, yet their role in the ecology and transmission of foodborne pathogens is poorly understood. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella shedding among feral pigs throughout Texas, to identify risk factors for infection, and to characterize the isolates. Faecal samples were collected from feral pigs in Texas from June 2013 through May 2015. Standard bacteriologic culture methods were used to isolate Salmonella from samples, and isolates were characterized via serotyping and anti-microbial susceptibility testing. The prevalence of faecal Salmonella shedding among sampled pigs was 43.9% (194/442), with positive pigs originating from 50 counties. Pigs sampled during fall and summer were significantly more likely to be shedding Salmonella than pigs sampled during winter. High serovar diversity was evident among the isolates, and many of the detected serovars are leading causes of human salmonellosis. The most common serovars were Montevideo (10.0%), Newport (9.1%), and Give (8.2%). Resistance to anti-microbial agents was rare. The burgeoning feral pig population in the United States may represent an emerging threat to food safety.

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Wildlife: The Need to Better Understand the Linkages

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

Recognizing the Role of Skunks in Human and Animal Rabies Exposures in the Southwest

Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Feral Pigs Throughout Texas

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