Will economic sophistication contribute to Indonesia's emission target? A decomposed analysis

Strategies to Control Industrial Emissions: An Analytical Network Process Approach in East Java, Indonesia

“…In line with earlier findings, Indonesian regulators and policymakers have noted that the government plays a key role in reducing carbon emissions by issuing appropriate regulations, introducing instruments (policies) to promote alternative energies [56], setting emission limits, designing a regulatory framework [63], proposing reforms [7], and overseeing pricing strategies. Officials at the Environment Agency of East Java (DLH) believe that efforts to create a conducive environment for companies to encourage new investments in cleaner energies and better technologies are already in place, similar to earlier findings [32,64]. Environmental experts believe that monitoring is necessary because success depends on the capacity of authorities to implement and ensure that companies follow established regulations.…”

“…Reports have proposed diverse strategies for handling emission controls, including economic incentives [24], institutional approaches [25,26], and command and control (CAC) [27]. Policies can be grouped into the following CAC categories: carbon taxes [28,29], carbon trading [30], alternative sources of energy [31], subsidies and incentives [7], energy reforms, and application-efficient technologies [32,33]. For example, in the USA and China, policies to control industrial emissions include introducing renewable energies, carbon taxes, carbon trading, energy-efficient technologies, electricity decarbonization, and energy waste reduction by optimizing energy consumption and improving the energy efficiency of buildings, as noted by Lei's [34] application of the analytical network process (ANP) method and other studies [35][36][37].…”

“…Specific to East Java, achieving greater sustainability requires a better understanding of the challenges of controlling industrial emissions, accommodating energy demand, reducing dependence on fossil fuel-based energies [32,41], introducing renewable energy sources [16,42], and identifying appropriate policies [10]. This requires the involvement of the business sector, environmental experts, and policymakers.…”

Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Consumption in Indonesia: Does it Matter for Economic Growth?

“…As stated in the National Energy General Plan (RUEN) program, Indonesia has a target of using renewable energy for the primary energy mix of 23% in 2025and 31% in 2050(GoI, 2017. Indonesia aspires to reduce 29-41% of national carbon emissions in 2030 and achieve net zero emissions in 2060 (Chandrarin et al, 2022). Thus, renewable energy is the right choice for sustainable economic growth, reducing the effects of climate change, and creating energy security in Indonesia.…”

Sustainable growth strategy promoting green innovation processes, mass production, and climate change adaptation: A win-win situation

“…From Gunawan et al (2022) Analysis of sensitive and non-sensitive Indonesian sectors across economic, social, and environmental dimensions revealed a consistent upward trend in sustainability over time. The economic complexity index for environmental sustainability in Indonesia, as reported by Chandrarin et al (2022), predicts that a combination of GDP growth, economic complexity, and technological advancements in the natural resource sectors will drastically cut carbon emissions and subsequent climate change. Sustainable development strategy has a significant impact on changing climatic circumstances, suggesting the need for a framework of regulations to minimize emissions in order to save the environment and human civilization.…”