Will refaunation by feral horse affect five checkerspot butterfly species (Melitaea Fabricius, 1807) coexisting at xeric grasslands of Podyji National Park, Czech Republic?

Vodičková, Veronika; Vrba, Pavel; Grill, Stanislav; Bartoňová, Alena Sucháčková; Kollross, Jan; Potocký, Pavel; Konvička, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125755

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Of the three connectivity measures, the number of colonies within a 3 km circle returned the strongest positive correlations. The 3 km diameter is close to a background dispersal capacity of E. aurinia (Zimmermann et al 2011b) and other Melitaeinae butterflies (e.g., Wahlberg et al 2002;Fric et al 2010;Vodičková et al 2019). The genetic data also showed minimum differentiation on this scale, and isolationby-distance over larger distances.…”

Section: Genetics Versus Colony Demographysupporting

confidence: 59%

Gene-flow within a butterfly metapopulation: the marsh fritillary Euphydryas aurinia in western Bohemia (Czech Republic)

et al. 2021

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In human-altered landscapes, species with specific habitat requirements tend to persist as metapopulations, forming colonies restricted to patches of suitable habitats, displaying mutually independent within-patch dynamics and interconnected by inter-colony movements of individuals. Despite intuitive appeal and both empirical and analytical evidence, metapopulations of only relatively few butterfly systems had been both monitored for multiple years to quantify metapopulation dynamics, and assayed from the point of view of population genetics. We used allozyme analysis to study the genetic make-up of a metapopulation of a declining and EU-protected butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia, inhabiting humid grasslands in western Czech Republic, and reanalysed previously published demography and dispersal data to interpret the patterns. For 497 colony x year visits to the 97 colonies known at that time, we found annual extinction and colonisation probabilities roughly equal to 4%. The genetic diversity within colonies was intermediate or high for all assessed parameters of population genetic diversity and hence higher than expected for such a habitat specialist species. All the standard genetic diversity measures were positively correlated to adult counts and colony areas, but the correlations were weak and rarely significant, probably due to the rapid within-colony population dynamics. Only very weak correlations applied to larval nests numbers. We conclude that the entirety of colonies forms a well-connected system for their majority. Especially in its core parts, we assume a metapopulation structure with a dynamic equilibrium between local extinction and recolonization. It is vital to conserve in particular these structures of large and interconnected colonies.Implications for insect conservation: Conservation measures should focus on considering more in depth the habitat requirements of E. aurinia for management plans and on stabilisation strategies for colonies, especially of peripheral ones, e.g. by habitat restoration.

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Section: Genetics Versus Colony Demographysupporting

confidence: 59%

Gene-flow within a butterfly metapopulation: the marsh fritillary Euphydryas aurinia in western Bohemia (Czech Republic)

et al. 2021

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“…During our marking, despite the high effort, the efficiency was rather low. Total captures (individuals marked + recaptured, Table 1) divided by the number of marking days and about four field workers working daily, gives 34.8 ( A. adippe ) and 3.5 ( A. niobe ) capture events per person‐day, which are low numbers compared with those routinely achieved while marking high‐density low‐dispersal species (e.g., Brussard & Ehrlich, 1970; Schtickzelle et al, 2002; Vodickova et al, 2019). Therefore, both butterflies utilized the mountain valleys at rather large scales, forming large individual home ranges, similarly to highly mobile generalists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

et al. 2022

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In human-altered landscapes, specialist butterflies typically form spatially restricted populations, genetically differentiated due to dispersal restrictions. Generalists, in contrast, display minimum differentiation but high genetic diversity. While local-level actions suffice to conserve specialists and landscape-level actions are necessary for generalists, minimum information exists regarding conservation of species with intermediate features. We targeted two congeneric butterflies, the recently re-expanding Argynnis adippe and the strongly declining A. niobe, co-occurring in the pastoral landscape of the Carpathian Mountains, Czech Republic. We integrated species distribution models, mark-recapture and microsatellite analysis to compare their habitat requirements, adult demography, dispersal and genetic patterns, and expanded the genetic analysis across the Carpathian Arc and beyond to delimit spatial conservation units. In two mountain valleys, both species formed interconnected populations numbering thousands of individuals. Mobility patterns suggested the populations' interconnection across the Czech Carpathians. Genetic diversity was extremely poor in the nonthreatened A. adippe and moderate in the declining A. niobe. No population differentiation was detected within the Czech Carpathians (~1500 km 2 ). Low genetic diversity and no differentiation was preserved in A. adippe across East Central Europe, whereas in A. niobe, populations from Serbia were differentiated from the Carpathian Arc + Alps. The high adult mobility linked to low differentiation probably reflects the distribution of larval resources, historically widespread but sparse and currently declining for A. niobe (grazing-disturbed grounds), while currently increasing for A. adippe (abandonment scrub, disturbed woodlands). Units as large as entire mountain systems define population boundaries, and hence conservation management units, for both species.

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“…As a measure of their collective search effort, we calculated the sum for each day of all the 100 × 100 m grid cells from which an observer had reported records (of any species, including non-butterflies; also including absence records). This method of 'proven day-grid-visits' has become the standard proxy for search effort when analyzing incidental observations of the portal waarnemingen.be [62][63][64][65][66]. Day-grid-visits do not cover search effort completely, because records are not submitted from every visited hectare grid cell, but strongly correlates with it.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…absence records). This method of 'proven day-grid-visits' has become the standard proxy for search effort when analyzing incidental observations of the portal waarnemingen.be [62][63][64][65][66]. Day-grid-visits do not cover search effort completely, because records are not submitted from every visited hectare grid cell, but strongly correlates with it.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundant Citizen Science Data Reveal That the Peacock Butterfly Aglais io Recently Became Bivoltine in Belgium

Herremans¹,

Gielen²,

Kerckhoven³

et al. 2021

Insects

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The peacock butterfly is abundant and widespread in Europe. It is generally believed to be univoltine (one generation per year): adults born in summer overwinter and reappear again in spring to reproduce. However, recent flight patterns in western Europe mostly show three peaks during the year: a first one in spring (overwintering butterflies), a second one in early summer (offspring of the spring generation), and a third one in autumn. It was thus far unclear whether this autumn flight peak was a second new generation or consisted of butterflies flying again in autumn after a summer rest (aestivation). The life cycle of one of Europe’s most common butterflies is therefore still surprisingly inadequately understood. We used hundreds of thousands of observations and thousands of pictures submitted by naturalists from the public to the online portal observation.orgin Belgium and analyzed relations between flight patterns, condition (wear), reproductive cycles, peak abundances, and phenology to clarify the current life history. We demonstrate that peacocks have shifted towards two new generations per year in recent decades. Mass citizen science data in online portals has become increasingly important in tracking the response of biodiversity to rapid environmental changes such as climate change.

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Will refaunation by feral horse affect five checkerspot butterfly species (Melitaea Fabricius, 1807) coexisting at xeric grasslands of Podyji National Park, Czech Republic?

Cited by 3 publications

References 78 publications

Gene-flow within a butterfly metapopulation: the marsh fritillary Euphydryas aurinia in western Bohemia (Czech Republic)

Gene-flow within a butterfly metapopulation: the marsh fritillary Euphydryas aurinia in western Bohemia (Czech Republic)

Perishing rich, expanding poor: Demography and population genetic patterns in two congeneric butterflies

Abundant Citizen Science Data Reveal That the Peacock Butterfly Aglais io Recently Became Bivoltine in Belgium

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