Will transgenic plants adversely affect the environment?

Velkov, Vassili V.; Medvinsky, Alexander B.; Sokolov, Mikhail S.; Marchenko, A. I.

doi:10.1007/bf02703726

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…All processes of AMF symbiotic development are subjected to changes in environmental factors, including germination of propagules, pre-symbiotic hyphal growth, colonization, intraradical and extraradical fungal development (arbuscular, hyphae and vesicular), and sporulation. With respect to the above considerations, many documents have assumed that AMF are a sensitive non-target microbial community that should be monitored in ecological risks assessments of the released GMPs due to the fact that AMF symbiotic development is strongly influenced by agronomic practices, soil fertility and plant species and cultivars (Bruinsma et al 2003;Saxena and Stotzky 2003;Ferreira et al 2003;O'Callaghan et al 2005;Motavalli et al 2004;Liu et al 2005;Turrini et al 2004a;Velkov et al 2005;Liu and Du 2008).…”

Section: Sensitivity To Environmental Alterations Of Amfmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, no current review covers the effects of GMPs on a specific soil microbial community comprehensively, like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the recent years, the indispensable importance of AMF in ecological risk assessments was highlighted by some authors (Bruinsma et al 2003;Saxena and Stotzky 2003;Ferreira et al 2003;O'Callaghan et al 2005;Motavalli et al 2004;Liu et al 2005;Turrini et al 2004a;Velkov et al 2005;Powell et al 2007;Liu and Du 2008;Knox et al 2008). In addition, some helpful investigations and data on the effects of GMPs on AMF were conducted (Vierheilig et al1993;Turrini et al 2004a, b;Castaldini et al 2005;Powell et al 2007;de Vaufleury et al 2007;Knox et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many excellent reviews have been published addressing advances in environmental risk assessments of GMPs on soil microbial communities and biochemical processes (Bruinsma et al 2003;Saxena and Stotzky 2003;Dunfield and Germida 2004;Motavalli et al 2004;Velkov et al 2005;Giovannetti et al 2005;Liu et al 2005;Pietramellara, Ceccherini, Ascher and Nannipieri 2006;Icoz and Stotzky 2008;Liu 2009). However, no current review covers the effects of GMPs on a specific soil microbial community comprehensively, like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

Liu

2009

Ecotoxicology

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The development and use of genetically modified plants (GMPs), as well as their ecological risks have been a topic of considerable public debate since they were first released in 1996. To date, no consistent conclusions have been drawn dealing with ecological risks on soil microorganisms of GMPs for the present incompatible empirical data. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), important in regulating aboveground and underground processes in ecosystems, are the most crucial soil microbial community worthy of being monitored in ecological risks assessment of GMPs for their sensitivity to environmental alterations (plant, soil, climatic factor etc.). Based on current data, we suggest that there is a temporal-spatial relevance between expression and rhizosphere secretion of anti-disease and insecticidal proteins (e.g., Bt-Bacillus thuringiensis toxins) in and outer roots, and AMF intraradical and extraradical growth and development. Therefore, taking Bt transgenic plants (BTPs) for example, Bt insecticidal proteins constitutive expression and rhizosphere release during cultivation of BTPs may damage some critical steps of the AMF symbiotic development. More important, these processes of BTPs coincide with the entire life cycle of AMF annually, which may impact the diversity of AMF after long-term cultivation period. It is proposed that interactions between GMPs and AMF should be preferentially studied as an indicator for ecological impacts of GMPs on soil microbial communities. In this review, advances in impacts of GMPs on AMF and the effect mechanisms were summarized, highlighting the possible ecological implications of interactions between GMPs and AMF in soil ecosystems.

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Section: Sensitivity To Environmental Alterations Of Amfmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

Liu

2009

Ecotoxicology

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“…Expressing insecticidal proteins, proteins providing tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses are some of the achievements made so far by transgenic plants (Shelton et al 2002;Velkov et al 2005). The use of transgenic crops for pest management has risen dramatically since their introduction in mid 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of transgenic Bt-cotton on the diversity of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs

Balachandar

Raja

Nirmala

et al. 2008

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs) are one of the beneficial proteobacteria commonly found in phyllosphere, rhizosphere and as endophytes in cotton. To assess the impact of transgenic Bt-cotton on changes in the diversity and community profile of PPFMs by comparing with its non-transgenic cotton, a polyphasic approach including differential carbon-substrate utilization profiling and DNA fingerprinting techniques like ARDRA, RISA, BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR were studied. PPFMs from phyllosphere, rhizoplane and internal tissues of the stem of both Bt-cotton and non-Btcotton were isolated and analysed in this study. All the results suggested that the diversity richness of PPFMs present in the phyllosphere, rhizoplane and internal tissues did not differ between Bt-and non-Bt-cotton. In this study, there was no evidence to indicate any adverse effects of Btcotton on the diversity of plant-associated methylobacteria.

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“…The commercial use of GM organisms may have various environmental impacts at the level of species, habitats or ecosystems (Sukopp and Sukopp 1993, Letourneau and Burrows 2002, Velkov et al 2005, Dolezel et al 2007, Bartz et al 2009, EFSA 2010. This happens for example, if GM crops spontaneously spread and persist outside cultivation or cross with other sexually compatible plants (Ellstrand and Hoffman 1990, Pilson and Prendeville 2004, Gressel 2005, FitzJohn et al 2007, Wilkinson and Ford 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to track genetically modified (GM) plants in the field? The VDI standard method of floristic mapping of GM plants as an efficient tool

Sukopp¹,

Schmitz²

2013

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The commercial use of genetically modified (GM) organisms is regulated in the EU by law. Thus, monitoring the environmental effects of GM organisms after placement on the market is a mandatory task of the respective consent holder. Since many relevant monitoring procedures lack standardisation, the Association of German Engineers (VDI) has commissioned expert groups with the development of guidelines covering appropriate methodologies. As part of this project, the VDI Guideline 4330 Part 10 was set up (Bleeker et al. 2011) describing a standardised procedure for floristic mapping of spontaneously occurring (non-cultivated) GM crops, their wild potential crossing partners and their hybrid offspring. Areas to be mapped are those where such plants are expected to be found, e.g. on former fields and in the vicinity of current or former fields of GM plants. In the case of transportation, processing or use of GM plants as animal feed, these are areas surrounding the processing, storage, handling and usage facilities, including access routes to and from the facilities. The concept of adverse environmental effects caused by the dispersal and outcrossing of GM plants is briefly introduced. The necessity of floristic mapping in the context of post-market environmental monitoring of GM plants is demonstrated taking oilseed rape as an example. The development of the Guideline VDI 4330 Part 10 is described and its contents are summarised. An important conclusion on the relevance and efficiency of the floristic mapping method is that strict standardisation ensures a high level of EU wide reproducibility and comparability of the results.

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Will transgenic plants adversely affect the environment?

Cited by 32 publications

References 150 publications

Do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

Do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

Impact of transgenic Bt-cotton on the diversity of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs

How to track genetically modified (GM) plants in the field? The VDI standard method of floristic mapping of GM plants as an efficient tool

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