Wind turbine sound pressure level calculations at dwellings

Keith, Stephen E.; Feder, Katya; Voicescu, Sonia A.; Soukhovtsev, Victor; Denning, Allison; Tsang, Jason; Broner, Norm; Leroux, Tony; Richarz, Werner; Berg, Frits van den

doi:10.1121/1.4942404

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The results were presented in six publications, addressing effects on sleep, stress, quality of life, noise annoyance and health effects and a separate paper on the effect of shadow flicker on annoyance. Also, two papers were published describing the assessment of sound levels near wind turbines and near receivers [82,83]. The Japanese study by Kakeyama et al [66,67] pertains a field study with structured face-to-face interviews at 34 study sites and 16 control sites.…”

Section: Evidence Since 2015 Based On New Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studying the effects of the low frequencies separately from the higher frequencies is not easy as both frequency ranges automatically go together: wind turbines all have very much the same sound composition. In a Canadian study on wind turbines, the sound levels at the facades of dwellings were calculated as both A-and C-weighted sound levels, but this proved not to be an advantage as the two were so closely linked that there was no added value in using both [82]. A limit in Aweighted decibels (where the A-weighting mimics human hearing at moderate sound levels) thus automatically limits the low-frequency part of the sound [105].…”

Section: Audibility Of Infrasound and Low-frequency Soundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Sound, Including Low-Frequency Sound and Infrasound

Kamp

Berg

2017

Acoust Aust

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A narrative review of observational and experimental studies was conducted to assess the association between exposure to wind turbine sound and its components and health effects in the general population. Literature databases Scopus, Medline and Embase and additional bibliographic sources such as reference sections of key publications and journal databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies published from 2009 to 2017. For the period until early 2015 only reviews were included, while for the period between January 2015 and January 2017 all relevant publications were screened. Ten reviews and 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies examined subjective annoyance as the primary outcome, indicating an association between exposure levels and the percentage highly annoyed. Sound from wind turbines leads to a higher percentage of highly annoyed when compared to other sound sources. Annoyance due to aspects, like shadow flicker, the visual (in) appropriateness in the landscape and blinking lights, can add to the noise annoyance. There is no evidence of a specific effect of the low-frequency component nor of infrasound. There are indications that the rhythmic pressure pulses on a building can lead to additional annoyance indoors. Personal characteristics such as noise sensitivity, privacy issues and social acceptance, benefits and attitudes, the local situation and the conditions of planning a wind farm also play a role in reported annoyance. Less data are available to evaluate the effects of wind turbines on sleep and long-term health effects. Sleep disturbance as well as other health effects in the vicinity of wind turbines was found to be related to annoyance, rather than directly to exposure.

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Section: Evidence Since 2015 Based On New Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Audibility Of Infrasound and Low-frequency Soundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Sound, Including Low-Frequency Sound and Infrasound

Kamp

Berg

2017

Acoust Aust

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“…The calculation in the software was based on the ISO 9613 [41] sound propagation standard. The accuracy of this standard for wind turbine noise calculation has been stated in several studies, by investigating the agreement between calculated and measured sound pressure level (SPL) at distances up to 2km downwind of the turbines [42,43]. It has been found that the calculation accurately determined the noise levels at 400m source-receiver distance and underestimated the measured level by 3 dB at distances of 1-2 km [42].…”

Section: Wind Turbine Noise Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of built environment morphology on wind turbine noise exposure at building façades

Qü

Kang

2017

Renewable Energy

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With wind farms installed in urban and suburban areas, the noise exposure of buildings is affected both by distance attenuation and the morphology of the built environment. With the aim of exploring the noise-resisting effects of built environment morphology, three kinds of typical suburban areas in the UK were sampled and noise maps were generated based upon an idealised modern wind turbine placed at various setback distances from each site. Relationships between morphological indices and building façade exposures were examined through regression analyses. Noise reduction levels of five morphological indices were given in terms of resisting wind turbine noise with different source-receiver (S-R) distances, and at different frequencies. The results show that built environment morphology has considerable effects on resisting the noise exposure of buildings and can create a quiet façade with up to 13dBA difference to the most exposure façade. Among the five indices, building orientation is found to be most effective in resisting the noise exposure of building façades, followed by the length and shape of the building. The noise resistance effects vary by different S-R distances and differ by frequency. Four morphological indices are found to be effective in resisting noise at low frequencies, typically at 50Hz.

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“…One way of accounting for inaccuracies in propagation models currently used for wind farm noise predictions is to undertake uncertainty estimates and report these along with predicted data at sensitive receiver locations [73]. Some researchers have made estimates of uncertainty for standard propagation models (±4 dBA) [74] and turbine sound power measurements (±2 dBA) [50] but more research is needed to validate the results. There are two types of uncertainty used for propagation model predictions that are sometimes confused.…”

Section: Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Wind Turbine Noise Research

Hansen

2020

Acoustics

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This review is focussed on large-scale, horizontal-axis upwind turbines. Vertical-axis turbines are not considered here as they are not sufficiently efficient to be deployed in the commercial generation of electricity. Recent developments in horizontal-axis wind turbine noise research are summarised and topics that are pertinent to the problem, but are yet to be investigated, are explored and suggestions for future research are offered. The major portion of recent and current research on wind turbine noise generation, propagation and its effects on people and animals is being undertaken by groups in Europe, UK, USA, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Considerable progress has been made in understanding wind turbine noise generation and propagation as well as the effect of wind farm noise on people, birds and animals. However, much remains to be done to answer many of the questions for which answers are still uncertain. In addition to community concerns about the effect of wind farm noise on people and how best to regulate wind farm noise and check installed wind farms for compliance, there is considerable interest from turbine manufacturers in developing quieter rotors, with the intention of allowing wind farm installations to be closer to populated areas. The purpose of this paper is to summarise recent and current wind farm noise research work and the research questions that remain to be addressed or are in the process of being addressed. Topics that are the subject of on-going research are discussed briefly and references to recent and current work are included.

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Wind turbine sound pressure level calculations at dwellings

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Sound, Including Low-Frequency Sound and Infrasound

Health Effects Related to Wind Turbine Sound, Including Low-Frequency Sound and Infrasound

Effects of built environment morphology on wind turbine noise exposure at building façades

Recent Advances in Wind Turbine Noise Research

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