Wind Turbines Emulating Inertia and Supporting Primary Frequency Control

Abstract

Abstract-The increasing penetration of variable-speed wind turbines in the electricity grid will result in a reduction of the number of connected conventional power plants. This will require changes in the way the grid frequency is controlled. In this letter, a method is proposed to let variable-speed wind turbines emulate inertia and support primary frequency control. The required power is obtained from the kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass of the turbine blades.

Evaluation of inertial response controllers for full-rated power converter wind turbine (Type 4)

“…This controller is well-explained in several publications [15], [12]. Its control loop increases the electric power output during the initial stages of a significant downward frequency event.…”

“…There are several good papers [1]- [3], [9], and technical reports [10]- [11] dealing with theory [12]- [13], modelling [14] and simulation [15] of inertial response of wind turbine generators (WTG) and some of them provide general ideas about possible impacts on power systems and their effects on transient under-frequency response [16]- [17]. Even some controls strategies have been proposed to mitigate the impact of reduced inertia [18].…”

Control of multi-terminal HVDC networks towards wind power integration: A review

“…In this circumstance and with the aim of not affecting other AC systems, ancillary services are expected to act on the active power delivered by the WPPs. For this purpose, wind farms may provide a power surplus in normal operation by slowing down the wind rotor (extracting the energy stored in the rotor) or by acting on the pitch control and the power converter to use power reserves in the wind turbines (deloading) [69][70][71][72].…”

Stability enhancement of a power system with wind generation using ANN based STATCOM

“…When the penetration of non-dispatchable energy is increased in the electricity grid, the way of controlling the frequency must be changed, as the grid frequency is controlled by conventional power plants [1,2]. To maintain voltage stability, electrical power system components that are capable of absorbing or injecting reactive power need to be controlled.…”