Winds and temperatures between 20 km and 100 km — a review

Murgatroyd, R. J.

doi:10.1002/qj.49708335802

Cited by 106 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 109 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Let us first discuss the differences in collision frequency. It is already fairly well established that the polar winter mesopause region is warmer than the CIRA reference atmosphere model, by some 40 to 60 OK [Murgatroyd, 1957], and this warming is variable from day-to-day. There are meteorological phenomena which could account for the amount of expected heating (e.g., chemical heating by recombination of atomic oxygen, Kellogg [1961], Young and Epstein [1962], and Maeda [1963]; or dynamic heating by atmospheric acoustic waves from the polar night jet stream [Maeda, 1964], and by turbulence or internal gravity waves [Hines, 1963].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Physical properties of the polar winter mesosphere obtained from low-frequency propagation and partial reflection studies

Belrose¹,

Bode²,

Hewitt³

1964

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. D. RAD. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the win ter of 1963-64 observation s of partialrefi ectioll S at a frequen cy of 2.66 Mcjs w er e made at R esolutc Bay (in varian t magn etic la t itude 84)1.0) n eal' local midnight. Utili zin g t he d iffer en t amplitudes of the ordin ary and extraordinary backsca ttered waves, in formation was obtained abo ut electron densit ies a nd elec tron collision fr equenci es. E lectron d ensit ies range from 10 cm-3 at 80 Ion to 1000 cm-3 at 110 km. Collis ion fr equency values are a factor of 2-4 t imes greater than average d aytime r es ults at lower latit udes. These obser vation s , together wit h some in direct infer ences based on low frequency propagat ion between Thule and Churchill (in varian t magn etic latitude 79 }~0 at p ath m idpo int) are d iscussed and i t is co ncluded t ha t (1) galactic cos mic rays a re r espon s ible fol' electron produ ct ion below 90 km, (2) ioni zation rates in exccss of ga lac t ic cos mic ray production are r eq ui red for heights above 90 km, (3) effective electron loss r ates below 90 km a re markedly more rap id than di ssociative recombin atio n, and (4) t he po la r winte r mesosphere is ho tter t han previolls data sll ggest .

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Physical properties of the polar winter mesosphere obtained from low-frequency propagation and partial reflection studies

Belrose¹,

Bode²,

Hewitt³

1964

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. D. RAD. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Removal from the stratosphere occurs at its lower boundary by folding in association with jet streams, an inherently three-dimensional process (Sawyer 1951;Reed and Danielsen 1957;Briggs and Roach 1963;Danielsen 1968;CIAP 1975;Shapiro 1980;WMO 1986). There is an important seasonal variation in midlatitude stratospheric winds: easterly in summer and westerly in winter (Murgatroyd and Clews 1949;Murgatroyd 1957).…”

Section: Meteorological Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

On geoengineering with sulphate aerosols in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper is in response to the Editorial Essay by Crutzen and the Editorial Comment by Cicerone in the August 2006 issue of Climatic Change. We reprise the evidence from atmospheric nuclear weapon testing in the 1950s and 1960s which is salient to the mooted maintenance of an artificial sulphate aerosol layer in the lower stratosphere, including a hitherto and now posthumous unpublished analysis of the 185 W Hardtack data. We also review recent investigations by ourselves, which have considerable bearing on some relevant questions concerning meteorological dynamics, aerosol chemistry and physics and the photodissociation of stratospheric sulphuric acid.

show abstract

“…COLE and KANTOR [37] have published supplemental atmospheres to 90 kin. We prefer, however, to take the older MURGATROYD results since we also use MURGATROYD and SINGLEwoN's results of a "possible meridional circulation" [25] which again have been derived from the radiative sources and sinks in the stratosphere and mesosphere [45,44]. The MURGATROYD data will be applied to both hemispheres.…”

Section: Chemical Atmospheric and Solar Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For the northern hemisphere, R. MURGATROYD [45] has given a comprehensive representation of temperatures between altitudes of 20 km and 100 km for summer and winter. Although ten years have passed, MURGATROYD'S results are confirmed by new measurements [35].…”

Section: Chemical Atmospheric and Solar Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical, advective and turbulent effects on the meridional distribution of ozone

Gebhart

1968

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. A time-dependent study of the formation, distribution and destruction of atmospheric ozone is made for a meridional plane between 15 km and 4b km under the assumption of zonal symmetry. Included are time-effects of photochemistry, advection and turbulence, using presently available information on theoretical and observational data. The attempt is made to investigate the important part played by pure photochemistry, by the various transport processes and by the combination of both.In the photochemical calculations the equations of a pure oxygen photochemistry and solar ultraviolet energy data obtained from recent rocket observations are used. MtrRCATROYD and SINOLETO~'S results of a "possible meridional circulation" and PRABHA~ZARA' S pattern of large-scale eddy diffusion, derived from the spread of radioactive tungsten in the stratosphere, are assumed to be the basic transport meachanisms.Several combinations of these non-photochemical processes are tested in the model and compared with recent observations. The relatively largest seasonal variations of the O3-concentration take place in the upper stratosphere with a maximum concentration in the high-latitude winter-hemisphere. In the midstratosphere the maximum concentration appears over the equatorial latitudes following the sun's position. In the lower stratosphere the highest Os-concentrations are over the polar latitudes throughout the year.The seasonal variation of the total ozone at middle and high latitudes can be explained by photochemical effects, the increase of total ozone with increas-1 This investigation was begun while the author was on leave at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, USA. R~sum6. On examine ici la formation, la propagation et la destruction de l'ozone atmosph6rique dans un profil m6ridien entre 15 et 45 km d'altitude. Pour cela, on admet une sym6trie zonale et qu'il s'agit d'un probl~me non stationnaire. On consid6re les influences de la photochimie, de l'advection et de la turbulence en fonefion du temps. On essaie d'6tudier au m oyen d'un module num6rique l'importance des influences de la seule photoehimie, des dlff6rents processus de transport ainsi que la combinaison des deux ph6nom~nes. Dans ce but, on utilise les valeurs th6oriques et exp6rimentales dlsponibles actuellemcnt.Dans le calcul photochimique, on utilise aussi bien les 6quations de la photochimie pure de l'oxyg&ne que des valeurs de l'6nergie solaire disponible, obtenues au moyen de mesures effectu6es avec des fus6es. Comme m6eanismes de transport, on prend cn consideration les r~sultats des 6tudes de MURGATROYD et SINGLETON sur une "circulation m6ridionale possible" ainsi que les valeurs de 13 turbulence des grands espaces utilis6es par PRABHAKARA. Ces derni~res d~coulent de la diss6mination du wolfram radioaetif. On fair figurer dans le module diverses combinaisons de ces grandeurs de transport et on compare les r~sultats alnsi obtenus aux observations les plus rfieentes.Les variations saisonni~res relativement les plus importan...

show abstract

Winds and temperatures between 20 km and 100 km — a review

Cited by 106 publications

References 109 publications

Physical properties of the polar winter mesosphere obtained from low-frequency propagation and partial reflection studies

Physical properties of the polar winter mesosphere obtained from low-frequency propagation and partial reflection studies

On geoengineering with sulphate aerosols in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Photochemical, advective and turbulent effects on the meridional distribution of ozone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About