Wing geometry as a tool for studying the population structure of dwarf honey bees (Apis florea Fabricius 1876) in Iran

Landmark-Based Morphometric Study in the Fore and Hind Wings of an Iranian Race of European Honeybee (Apis mellifera meda)

“…The results showed that geometric morphometrics was marginally more reliable than standard morphometry for discrimination of honeybee subspecies. Kandemir et al (2009) studied the shape diversity of hind and front wings of Apis florae by geometric morphometrics in Iran. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between different areas.…”

Geometric morphometrics of the wing as a tool for assigning genetic lineages and geographic origin to Melipona beecheii (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)

“…In Apis mellifera, specimens have been accurately assigned to the subspecies level Tofilsky 2008;Francoy et al 2009b), workers and males were correctly identified in stingless bees (Francoy et al 2009a), cryptic species were detected in Plebeia remota (Francisco et al 2008), and genetic variability among populations was also evaluated using this type of analysis (Mendes et al 2007;Kandemir et al 2009). Even though it is a simple technique for which only a stereomicroscope, a digital camera and a computer are needed, geometric morphometrics gives clear results that can be helpful as a first step towards answering questions that are normally resolved using molecular methods, which are much more expensive, require specialized personal and well-equipped laboratories.…”

Integrated landmark and outline-based morphometric methods efficiently distinguish species of Euglossa (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini)

“…Other studies have applied these two methodologies to the same specimens but did not combine them (Loy et al 2000;Kandemir et al 2009). Based on the data presented here, the integrated approach functions adequately.…”