Winged coulter depth effects on overdrilled red clover seedling emergence

Campbell, Bruce

doi:10.1080/00288233.1985.10426994

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…DISCUSSION Planting depth in untilled seedbeds apparently needs only to be sufficient to create a moistureretaining groove (Baker 1976) enclosing the seed (i.e., the 13 mm coulter depth for the winged coulter). Overdrilled seedling emergence can be optimised (90-95% of sown seed) at this coulter depth (Campbell 1985) even in dry soil, and results of this study suggest that seedlings are not disadvantaged after emergence by originating higher in the soil profile than they would with deeper drilling. Seedlings were apparently no more vulnerable to environmental stresses with a 13 mm coulter depth than if placed deeper in soil.…”

Section: Root Sizementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Seeds were spaced at 50 mm intervals to allow easy identification of seedlings. Additional details of drilling technique are given in Campbell (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roots developed to similar length (measured from the shoot base) at all 3 depths under the surface, even though deeper planting placed seeds further down the profile initially. If deeper drilling were to counterbalance possible adverse effects of delays in emergence at depth in these seedbeds (Campbell 1985) by improving water relations (or any other environmental factor associated with dry soils) to enhance seedling survival, it should have been expressed in this study. The observed seedling survival response to an increased quantity of RAW in the seedling root zone (0-15cm approximately; Table 1)implies that, as the soil dried, seedlings were sensitive to any improvement in moisture relations that may have resulted from deeper drilling.…”

Section: Root Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, deeper planting can increase rooting depth (even if root length from seed position stays constant) by initially placing seeds further down the profile (Tadmor & Cohen 1968). Shallow planting to optimise emergence (Campbell 1985) could jeopardise seedling survival in this situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planting depth effects on overdrilled seedling survival in summer

Campbell

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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Planting depth effects on post-emergence development and survival of red clover and ryegrass seedlings were studied by overdrilling seeds with a winged coulter at 0, 13, 26, and 39 mm depths in spring at 3 sites with different soil moisture regimes. Depth had no effect on survival or development of either species where the coulter penetrated below the soil surface (13, 26, and 39 mm). Where the coulter skimmed the surface (0 mm), early root development was restricted. The longest root was either shortened by up to 30 mm where the root penetrated the surface, or, in some red clover seedlings, restricted altogether (no penetration). In the latter instance, seedlings died quickly, adding to the disadvantage of lower emergence where a coulter skims the surface. It is concluded that coulter depth in these soils needs only to be sufficient to produce a moisture-retaining groove (13 mm). Results confirm that seedling density differences created by emergence responses to planting depth can be translated to later plant density, or the differences accentuated where surface planting restricts root development.

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Section: Root Sizementioning

confidence: 75%

“…Seeds were spaced at 50 mm intervals to allow easy identification of seedlings. Additional details of drilling technique are given in Campbell (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Root Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planting depth effects on overdrilled seedling survival in summer

Campbell

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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“…Both no‐till drilling and broadcasting have strengths and weaknesses. The advantage of no‐till drilling is more control over seeding depth to ensure good seed‐to‐soil contact (Campbell, 1985a). A disadvantage of no‐till drilling is that use can be limited by steep topography.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sowing Method Effects on Clover Establishment into Permanent Pasture

Schlueter

Tracy

2012

Agronomy Journal

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E stablishing clover (Trifolium spp.) into permanent pasture can be challenging, because many factors like competition from existing the sward, subsequent grazing management, or weather fl uctuations can aff ect this process. Two common overseeding methods for clover include surface sowing without disturbance (broadcasting) or drilling of seed through undisturbed sod and residue (Pearson and Ison, 1997). Frost-seeding is a form of overseeding when seed is broadcasted mid-winter on top of snow and frozen ground or in early spring aft er snowmelt (Casler et al., 1999). Once sown, the freezing and thawing of the ground helps to incorporate seed into the soil. Th is allows for better seed-to-soil contact and reduces the equipment required for planting (Kankanen et al., 2001). Both no-till drilling and broadcasting have strengths and weaknesses. Th e advantage of no-till drilling is more control over seeding depth to ensure good seed-to-soil contact (Campbell, 1985a). A disadvantage of no-till drilling is that use can be limited by steep topography. Broadcasting requires less machinery and is virtually unrestrained by topography. However, no-till drilling is considered superior to broadcasting, because more control helps ensure a proper seeding depth (Taylor et al., 1972).Several experiments that have compared broadcasting with no-till drilling found varying results. Taylor et al. (1969) discovered that drilling clover seed was important for successful establishment of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Th ey found that extreme moisture and temperature fl uctuations on the surface of the soil caused low establishment of broadcasted seed. Cuomo et al. (2001) found no diff erence between drilling and broadcasting in establishment across several forage legumes. Th ey learned that the main factor that determined legume establishment was the suppression of grass species. Byers and Templeton (1988) discovered that drilling produced more alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) biomass over broadcasting, and Mueller and Chamblee (1984) found that broadcasting was more eff ective when sowing was done in late winter than in spring. In their experiment, white clover broadcasted in mid-February had greater establishment than when broadcasted in mid-March. When averaged between the two sowing dates, however, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) establishment was greater in the drilled treatments.Although sowing method should have a major impact on clover establishment, relatively few studies have compared broadcasting (frost-seeding) to no-till drilling. More information is needed about clover overseeding methods to provide guidelines to help improve establishment success. To add to this body of research, a pasture experiment was conducted from 2009 to 2011 near Blacksburg, VA. Th e primary objective of this study was to compare the eff ectiveness of broadcasting (frost-seeding) and no-till drilling for establishment of white and red clover. A secondary objective was to identify potential management variables that may help explain the succe...

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Conservation tillage and seeding systems in the South Pacific

Choudhary

Baker

1993

Soil and Tillage Research

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Winged coulter depth effects on overdrilled red clover seedling emergence

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Planting depth effects on overdrilled seedling survival in summer

Planting depth effects on overdrilled seedling survival in summer

Sowing Method Effects on Clover Establishment into Permanent Pasture

Conservation tillage and seeding systems in the South Pacific

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