1974
DOI: 10.2307/3800046
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Winter Pregnancy Rates and Subsequent Fall Cow/Calf Ratios in Elk

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Cited by 10 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…The average is ,30; therefore, this herd is relatively unproductive (Wisdom and Cook 2000). Recruitment rates, especially in 2011 and 2013, were lower than in some other elk populations (Follis and Spillett 1974;Bender et al 2002; Table 4). The average recruitment rate across years in our study was comparable to those found by Hebblewhite et al (2005) in areas with few wolves Canis lupus, and our 2011 and 2013 estimates were similar to their ratios in regions of high wolf populations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 77%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The average is ,30; therefore, this herd is relatively unproductive (Wisdom and Cook 2000). Recruitment rates, especially in 2011 and 2013, were lower than in some other elk populations (Follis and Spillett 1974;Bender et al 2002; Table 4). The average recruitment rate across years in our study was comparable to those found by Hebblewhite et al (2005) in areas with few wolves Canis lupus, and our 2011 and 2013 estimates were similar to their ratios in regions of high wolf populations.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…Pregnancy rates of !2-y-old females are typically between 80 and 100%, and yearling females could also conceive, though at a lower rate (Kittams 1953;Greer 1966;Follis and Spillett 1974;Eberhardt et al 1996;Bender et al 2002;Bender and Piasecke 2010). Although we only sampled eight adult females, all of them were pregnant.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Rectal palpation chute-When a cow elk is in the chute, the opening in the rear sliding door can be used to check for pregnancy by rectally palpating the uterus. This technique (Follis and Spillett 1974) should be performed only by a qualified veterinarian or by research personnel trained by the attending veterinarian of the IACUC.…”
Section: Protocol-mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ungulate population management heavily relies on obtaining reproductive parameters and neonatal survival estimates [13][14][15][16] which may be difficult. Established field methods to obtain these data included opportunistic sampling of reproductive organs from harvested females [17], pregnancy determination via palpation [18,19] or serological analysis [20][21][22], characterization of juvenile/adult ratios from visual observation [21,[23][24][25], and radio-marking and monitoring of juveniles [26][27][28]. Vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) have become a reliable field method for determining the timing and location of ungulate parturition [29][30][31].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%