Winter sea-ice properties in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica

Perovich, Donald K.; Elder, Bruce; Claffey, Keran J.; Stammerjohn, Sharon; Smith, Raymond C.; Ackley, Stephen F.; Krouse, H. R.; Gow, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.07.024

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…BDEs associated with airborne particulates become incorporated into sea ice by snow scavenging and the formation of snow ice, ice formed when snow is infiltrated by water and refreezes. 38 In late winter (July-Aug.) 2001, 15% of the sea ice in Marguerite Bay was composed of snow ice and 95% of the sea ice was above the percolation threshold indicating that it was permeable to brine transport. 38 The continued formation of snow ice during spring and summer due to the infiltration of deep snow with seawater and refreezing likely adds aerosol BDEs to the sea ice; however, repeated percolation of sea ice with brine may simultaneously leach the more soluble BDEs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol-Mediated Transport and Deposition of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers to Antarctica

Dickhut

Cincinelli

Cochran

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Brominated diphenyl ethers were measured in air, snow and sea ice throughout western Antarctica between 2001 and 2007. BDEs in Antarctic air were predominantly associated with aerosols and were low compared to remote regions of the northern hemisphere, except in Marguerite Bay following the fire at Rothera research station in Sept. 2001, indicating that this event was a local source of BDE209 to the Antarctic environment. Aerosol BDE47/100 reflects a mixture of commercial pentaBDE products; however, BDE99/100 is suggestive of photodegradation of BDE99 during long range atmospheric transport (LRAT) in the austral summer. BDEs in snow were lower than predicted based on snow scavenging of aerosols indicating that atmospheric deposition events may be episodic. BDE47, -99, and -100 significantly declined in Antarctic sea ice between 2001 and 2007; however, BDE209 did not decline in Antarctic sea ice over the same time period. Significant losses of BDE99 and -100 from sea ice were recorded over a 19 day period in spring 2001 demonstrating that seasonal ice processes result in the preferential loss of some BDEs. BDE47/100 and BDE99/100 in sea ice samples reflect commercial pentaBDE products, suggesting that photodegradation of BDE99 is minimal during LRAT in the austral winter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol-Mediated Transport and Deposition of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers to Antarctica

Dickhut

Cincinelli

Cochran

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…This is due to the lack of systematic sea-ice thickness measurements in the Southern Hemisphere. There are only few in situ data sets from upwardlooking sonars (only Weddell Sea; e.g., Harms et al, 2001;Behrendt et al, 2013), drillings (e.g., Lange and Eicken, 1991;Ozsoy-Cicek et al, 2013;Wadhams et al, 1987;Perovich et al, 2004), electromagnetic methods (Haas, 1998;Weissling et al, 2011;Haas et al, 2008) and airborne altimetry (e.g., Dierking, 1995;Leuschen et al, 2008). Those data are distributed unevenly in location, coverage and time and do not allow for the estimation of seasonal and interannual sea-ice volume changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

About the consistency between Envisat and CryoSat-2 radar freeboard retrieval over Antarctic sea ice

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Knowledge about Antarctic sea-ice volume and its changes over the past decades has been sparse due to the lack of systematic sea-ice thickness measurements in this remote area. Recently, first attempts have been made to develop a sea-ice thickness product over the Southern Ocean from space-borne radar altimetry and results look promising. Today, more than 20 years of radar altimeter data are potentially available for such products. However, the characteristics of individual radar types differ for the available altimeter missions. Hence, it is important and our goal to study the consistency between single sensors in order to develop long and consistent time series. Here, the consistency between freeboard measurements of the Radar Altimeter 2 on board Envisat and freeboard measurements from the SyntheticAperture Interferometric Radar Altimeter on board CryoSat-2 is tested for their overlap period in 2011. Results indicate that mean and modal values are in reasonable agreement over the sea-ice growth season (May-October) and partly also beyond. In general, Envisat data show higher freeboards in the first-year ice zone while CryoSat-2 freeboards are higher in the multiyear ice zone and near the coasts. This has consequences for the agreement in individual sectors of the Southern Ocean, where one or the other ice class may dominate. Nevertheless, over the growth season, mean freeboard for the entire (regionally separated) Southern Ocean differs generally by not more than 3 cm (8 cm, with few exceptions) between Envisat and CryoSat-2, and the differences between modal freeboards lie generally within ±10 cm and often even below.

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“…Fig. 11 shows a transect of ice draft and thickness measured by drilling through the ice every 2 m along a 100-m linear grid at an ice camp 9 km from the C3 mooring site during August 2001 (Perovich et al, 2004). This transect clearly illustrates the great variability in ice draft on very short horizontal scales.…”

Section: Adcp Averagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating sea-ice coverage, draft, and velocity in Marguerite Bay (Antarctica) using a subsurface moored upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP)

Hyatt

Visbeck

Beardsley

et al. 2008

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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A technique for the analysis of data from a subsurface moored upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to determine ice coverage, draft and velocity is presented and applied to data collected in Marguerite Bay on the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf. This method provides sea ice information when no dedicated upward-looking sonar (ULS) data is available. Ice detection is accomplished using windowed variances of ADCP vertical velocity, vertical error velocity, and surface horizontal speed. ADCP signal correlation and backscatter intensity were poor indicators of the presence of ice at this site. Ice draft is estimated using a combination of ADCP backscatter data, atmospheric and oceanic pressure data, and information about the thermal stratification. This estimate requires corrections to the ADCP-derived range for instrument tilt and sound speed profile. Uncertainties of ± 0.20 m during midwinter and ± 0.40 m when the base of the surface mixed layer is above the ADCP for ice draft are estimated based on (a) a Monte Carlo simulation, (b) uncertainty in the sound speed correction, and (c) performance of the zero-draft estimate during times of known open water. Ice velocity is taken as the ADCP horizontal velocity in the depth bin specified by the range estimate.

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Winter sea-ice properties in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Aerosol-Mediated Transport and Deposition of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers to Antarctica

Aerosol-Mediated Transport and Deposition of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers to Antarctica

About the consistency between Envisat and CryoSat-2 radar freeboard retrieval over Antarctic sea ice

Estimating sea-ice coverage, draft, and velocity in Marguerite Bay (Antarctica) using a subsurface moored upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP)

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