Winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) tolerance to mixtures of herbicides and fungicides applied at different timings

Robinson, Melody A.; Cowbrough, Michael J.; Sikkema, Peter H.; Tardif, François J.

doi:10.4141/cjps2012-181

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Visual wheat injury was negligible (0 to 4%) across treatments and application timings at both evaluation dates (1 and 2 mo after application), with the exception of the spring application of 2,4-D amine (14%). These observations are consistent with expected levels of injury for herbicide products that have adequate crop safety for weed management in cereal grains (McNaughton et al 2014;Robinson et al 2013;Soltani et al 2006). Unacceptable levels of wheat injury (9 to 14% wheat yield reductions) have previously been reported after POST fall applications of 2,4-D, using both amine and ester formulations (Soltani et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

et al. 2015

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A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1 provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

et al. 2015

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“…Along with farm resource allocation, these findings can partly explain why some farmers tend to spray fungicides rather as a preventative measure than according to variety-and site-specific disease risks (Rajmis and Kehlenbeck, 2018). Also, plant injuries caused by fungicide applications do not seem to have a yield-decreasing effect (Robinson et al, 2013) that could influence the economic profitability of the crop. Some studies conclude that the profitability of fungicide applications depends on the grain price; hence applications are unprofitable in years with low prices and in particular, when the host plant is resistant (Wiik and Rosenqvist, 2010;Wegulo et al, 2011;Hysing et al, 2012;Thompson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Breeding Increases Winter Wheat Gross Margins–An Economic Assessment for Germany

Lüttringhaus¹,

Zetzsche²,

Wittkop³

et al. 2021

Front. Agron.

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Improved wheat varieties have ameliorated our food production. Intensive cropping systems, as in Germany, achieve very high grain yields and thus contribute greatly to global food security. As diseases, especially fungal pathogens, pose major threats in winter wheat production, disease management is crucial to uphold high production levels and to avoid economic losses. Yet, the economic value of breeding varieties with increased resistance to fungal pathogens has not been analyzed with comprehensive data. Our analysis fills this gap by quantifying the economic effects of 50 years of resistance breeding for winter wheat production in Germany. Based on field trials and agronomic production data, we analyze how resistances have influenced the economic profitability of the crops. Thereby, we can isolate the pure breeding-induced effects of increased resistance to fungal pathogens, which cause leaf and stripe rust, powdery mildew, and Fusarium head blight. We calculated the gross margins of 176 varieties according to nitrogen and fungicide applications in field trials. Regression models show that resistance breeding had a strong positive and statistically significant effect on the gross margins of the varieties. In comparison, the specific meta-environment of the season had a larger effect, while the effect of high nitrogen as well as fungicide treatments was lower. The gross margin increased over time along with higher resistances. Simultaneously, the difference in gross margins between the fungicide-treated and untreated variants decreased, indicating an increased contribution of resistances to yield stability. Resistances have increased gross margins greatly, as the health levels of varieties remain high without the need for fungicide applications and thus production costs can be saved. We conclude that resistance breeding has increased the economic profitability and sustainability of crop production due to a reduction in the costs for fungicides. In fields of farmers, these positive effects of resistance breeding can be fully realized by an optimal variety choice and a variety- and situation-specific disease management. Such an agronomic practice would not only further improve winter wheat gross margins but also mitigate some of the pressures on agricultural productions, such as reduced disease management options and adverse climate change impacts.

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“…Treated leaves had a large bleached white area with a well‐defined necrotic contour where individual droplets landed on the leaf blade (Figure 4). Robinson, Cowbrough, Sikkema, and Tardif (2013) noted similar injuries in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) when broadleaf herbicides such as bromoxynil (3,5‐dibromo‐4‐hydroxybenzonitrile) and MCPA [2‐(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)acetic acid] were mixed with the fungicides azoxystrobin [methyl ( E )‐2‐(2‐[6‐(2‐cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin‐4‐yl]oxyphenyl)‐3‐methoxyprop‐2‐enoate] and propiconazole. The injury observed on St. Augustinegrass occurred 2 to 3 d after application and was mown off within 10 d with no residual effects.…”

Section: Effect Of Tank Mixing Pinoxaden With Fungicides On St Augusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of St. Augustinegrass cultivars to pinoxaden alone and in combination with select fungicides

Peppers

Harris

McElroy

2020

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Pinoxaden is a herbicide inhibiting acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase recently introduced for use in turfgrass. Currently, pinoxaden is labeled for use in all bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) turfgrass areas except putting greens. However, pinoxaden is only labeled for use in St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] sod production because of injury concerns. Tank mixtures of two or more herbicides can reduce injury to turfgrass species. Injury reduction can also occur when fungicides are tank‐mixed with herbicides. Research was conducted between 2018 and 2019 to determine the effect that pinoxaden alone and tank mixtures of pinoxaden with one of two common fungicides, chlorothalonil and propiconazole, would have on four different cultivars of St. Augustinegrass: ‘Classic’, ‘Floratam’, ‘Palmetto’, and ‘Raleigh’. At the conclusion of the study, we determined that there is differential susceptibility to pinoxaden between cultivars of St. Augustinegrass and that both chlorothalonil and propiconazole have a safening effect on pinoxaden applications to St Augustinegrass, regardless of cultivar. The cultivars Classic and Raleigh were more susceptible to pinoxaden than Floratam and Palmetto. All four cultivars were less susceptible to pinoxaden when chlorothalonil and propiconazole were applied in combination with pinoxaden. These results suggest that pinoxaden can be applied in a tank mixture with either chlorothalonil or propiconazole to reduce pinoxaden injury to St. Augustinegrass. However, the effect that these tank mixtures may have on weed control is currently unknown.

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Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to mixtures of herbicides and fungicides applied at different timings

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

Resistance Breeding Increases Winter Wheat Gross Margins–An Economic Assessment for Germany

Response of St. Augustinegrass cultivars to pinoxaden alone and in combination with select fungicides

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