Wire drawing dies with prescribed variations of strain rate

Calculation of the forward tension in drawing processes

“…Finite element method has been used as well in several studies about metalforming processes recently [24][25][26][27][28][29]. The main advantages of the FEM are: the capability of obtaining detailed solutions of the mechanics in a deforming body, namely, velocities, shapes, strains, stresses, temperatures, or contact pressure distributions; and the fact that a computer code, once written, can be used for a large variety of problems by simply changing the point data [30].…”

Minimizing distortion during extrusion using adaptable dies

“…23 and 24 indicate that the values for maximum effective strain rates from the FEM and upper bound models are near to one another. Figs.…”

“…Another characteristic of ideal flow is that every point in the deformation zone has the same effective strain rate. The characteristic of uniform strain rate was used in the original development and has become the fundamental goal of the controlled strain rate die [20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…Lu and Lo [22] then used a refined slab method to account for friction and material property changes in the deformation zone. They further refined their work to determine controlled strain rate axisymmetric dies for wire drawing [23]. Their results improved the controlled strain rate die concept, since the recommended die shape increased the uniformity of the strain rate throughout a larger portion of the deformation zone.…”

An investigation into the effect of redundant shear deformation in bar drawing

“…Further works on wire drawing can be found in Ref. (Lo and Lu, 2002;Kajino and Asakawa, 2006;Murakawa and Masahiko, 2001;Shinohara and Yoshida, 2005;Tiernan and Hillery, 2004). In this work, the experiments and numerical simulations are employed to determine the optimum conditions for bar drawing.…”