This paper presents some non-destructive evaluation methods of materials and structures, such as: pulse method, resonance method, direct measurement of the propagation velocity, pulse-echo method, impact-echo method, acoustic emission evaluation, interferometry and infrared thermography. The methods are suitable for non-metallic materials, with rugged and non-homogeneous structure, high attenuation coefficients for ultrasound propagation waves into materials, composites multilayer structures, etc. Some relevant measurement parameters are presented too.