Wireless energy harvesting in cooperative decode‐and‐forward relaying networks over mixed generalized η‐μ and κ‐μ fading channels

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the performance of dual‐hop relaying networks with wireless energy harvesting at the relay node over generalized η‐μ and κ‐μ fading channels. Our analysis considers decode‐and‐forward relays with a single antenna as well as source and destination nodes equipped with a single antenna. Specifically, we derive an accurate approximate analytical expression for the system outage probability (OP). The derived OP considers 3 different energy harvesting mechanisms: (1) time switching–based relaying, (2) power splitting–based relaying, and (3) ideal relaying receiver. Furthermore, we obtain accurate approximate analytical expressions for the system ergodic capacity and achievable throughput for the time switching–based relaying, power splitting–based relaying, and ideal relaying receiver. In addition, an accurate approximate analytical expression for the average bit error rate for several coherent modulation schemes is obtained. Through some numerical examples, we study the OP, throughput, and average bit‐error‐rate performance of the overall system under different system parameters such as fading parameters, energy harvesting time, power splitting factor, and signal‐to‐noise ratio. The results show that the effect of increasing the fading parameter μ on the system performance is more pronounced than that of increasing the fading parameters η and κ. Besides, increasing the energy harvesting time or the power splitting factor may be either beneficial or harmful for the throughput performance. Our numerical results are accompanied with Monte Carlo simulations to verify the accuracy of our analysis.

Nonlinear energy‐harvesting relaying with beamforming and hardware impairments in κ−μ shadowed fading environment

“…Radio frequency–based energy harvesting is a promising technique as RF signals can carry both information and energy so energy can be harvested from the surrounding RF signals and stored for rechargeable wireless electronic equipments, such as those regarding wearable devices and wireless communication systems. ()…”

“…The RF‐based energy‐harvesting technique has been extensively studied in dual‐hop relaying networks, where a relay harvests energy from the source signal. () Dual‐hop relaying is a well‐known technology to attain broader coverage and capacity of wireless networks . One of the relaying techniques is the decode‐and‐forward (DF) relaying, where a relay decodes and encodes the source information and forwards it to the destination .…”

“…Because of its simplicity and practical merit, energy‐harvesting DF relaying got much interest. () In terms of the cooperative relaying networks, 2 main energy‐harvesting protocols exist as follows: power‐splitting‐based relaying (PSR) and time‐switching‐based relaying (TSR). For the PSR protocol, the relay splits the received signal power into 2 portions, and 1 portion is used for the energy harvesting while the other portion is used for information processing.…”

“…To obtain diversity gain, relay selection schemes in the DF relay systems for energy harvesting were studied by Do et al, wherein the outage performance was analyzed over nonidentical Rayleigh fading channels. Recently, in the study of Badarneh et al, DF energy‐harvesting relaying system is studied for mixed generalized η − μ and κ − μ fading channels; they derived approximate analytical expressions and analyzed the system performance in terms of the OP, bit‐error rate, and throughput.…”

“…In the aforementioned works,() (and their references), for the energy‐harvesting relaying systems, a linear energy harvester and perfect transceiver hardware are considered. However, in practice, transceiver hardware suffers from impairments, such as quadrature‐phase/in‐phase imbalance, high‐power amplifier nonlinearity, oscillator phase noise, etc .…”