Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols: A Survey

Abstract

Advancements in wireless sensor networks (WSN) over the past two decades has foreseen an increased interest in the potential use in applications like combat field, security surveillance, border protection, disaster management and reconnaissance. Moreover, researchers have termed the 21st century as the "Sensor Decade" [3]. Sensor nodes are remotely deployed in large numbers and expected to operate autonomously in harsh environments. Now-a-days routing protocols are being designed, where energy awareness is an essential designing issue. In this paper, survey on recent routing protocols for sensor networks along with their classification and approaches is done . Each routing protocol is described under the appropriate category followed by possible future research areas.

Survey on WSN Routing Protocols

“…The contrast between the node's height and its neighbor is called link gradient. Thus algorithm makes an improvement to DD [2], to get the total minimum hop numbers. Traditionally hop count was the only metric considered however now remaining energy is additionally utilized for every node while handing-off data from source to sink.…”

“…These routing mechanism has considered [2] the attributes of sensor nodes alongside the application and building design prerequisites. Very nearly the majority of the routing protocols can be delegated data-centric, hierarchical or location-based although [2,3,7] there are few distinct ones based on network flow or quality of service (QoS) awareness.…”

Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Routing Protocols of WSN

“…These are in turn categorized as Flat routing (Data Centric), hierarchical routing (Clustering) and Location (Geographic) routing [5]. fig1.…”

“…These protocols can be categorized on the basis of network structure (designed for the application) [5], routing paths fixed, and network operations and as a provoker of communications. The taxonomy of routing protocols which are further partition into subcategories and helpful in designing of network protocol.…”

“…Hierarchical Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (HEERP) [5] for WSN establishes a new centralized approach to hierarchy formation. It does not examine the cluster formation and cluster head selection.…”