Wireless System for the Control and Real Time Monitoring of Agricultural Areas of Arenillas Canton in Ecuador

Integrated-Smart Agriculture: Contexts and Assumptions for a Broader Concept

“…In this perspective, this part will be structured in the following subsections: environmental impacts and climate change; new technologies and approaches; food supply and security; farming systems and crop management; multifunctionality and agricultural/rural development. [2] The new technologies and approaches are not exempt of risks and vulnerabilities [40] CSA approach is a promising solution for the sustainability [41] Some studies use the terminology of Environment-Smart Agriculture (ESA) [19] CSA is a concept presented by FAO in 2010, is known as the "triple win" approach [42] CSA practices improve the soil resilience and quality [43] The Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Everything (IoE) may bring relevant added value for the farms [44] The wireless sensor network is an interesting tool to collect data [45] The biosensors are other techniques to collect information [46] Mobile applications, big data analytics and information systems, cloud computing, drones, blockchain, artificial intelligence [47] An efficient use of the agriculture resources, such as water, soil and energy, is crucial for competitiveness and food and security [48] Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to the global warming [49] The agricultural sector contributes with about a third of the anthropogenic GHG emissions worldwide [50] The eco-efficiency is the buzzword for the sustainability [51] The rice-wheat cropping systems concern particularly the researchers specifically in South Asia [52] Africa is another world region where it is important to promote cleaner farming systems [53] Sometimes the sustainable practices are misunderstood in these countries [54] In other cases and contexts there is not a convergent view about the CSA practices [20] CSA concept has a narrow perspective about the current farming contexts and a wider debate is needed [55] Rural development may benefit from the concept of smart villages [56] Sometimes is easier to convince the entrepreneurs than the policymakers [57] For an effective CSA implementation the farmers should be involved in the policy design process [58] Vocational training and the extension services may contribute for the adoption of the CSA practices [59] The European Union invested over the last years a significant part of its budget to promote CSA practices…”

“…In some circumstances the government supports are decisive for the new technologies' promotion, namely at an initial phase [95]. The wireless sensor network, for example, is an interesting tool to collect data about weather, soil, and plant conditions to provide the farmers with information to better manage the pest and disease control and the fertilizers' use [44]. The biosensors are other techniques to collect information about the condition of the plant and assess its exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses [45].…”