In the work now to be described, it was observed that a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracenO caused extraordinary changes in the rat consisting of adrenal apoplexy and massive necrosis in the two inner zones of the cortex while other regions of the adrenal glands were uninjured. In addition to the selectivity of the anatomic site of damage, there is high specificity of the molecular structure of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon exerting this adrenocortieolyfic effect.Earlier it was found (1, 2) that a single dose of any of a number of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, under special circumstances, selectively induced mammary cancer in every rat with very great rapidity. DMBA was the most effective of these compounds and tumors arose following a solitary feeding or an intravenous injection. At necropsy of rats with cancer of the breast induced by a solitary dose of DMBA which had been administered a few weeks previously, it was observed that the adrenal glands of most of the animals were calcified. The adrenals of rats bearing mammary cancer induced by hydrocarbons other than DMBA were not calcified. It was soon found that adrenal apoplexy and necrosis were produced invariably with DMBA soon after giving the hydrocarbon. This is a newly recognized property of DMBA.Several methods were employed in these experiments for detection and measurement of damage to the adrenal glands. These included: (a) direct inspection of the gland; (b) histological observation; (c) estimation of the amount of blood pigments; (d) determination of enzyme content of the adrenals; (e) roentgenologic detection of adrenal calcification.