Withanolides from the whole plant of Physalis angulata and their anti‐inflammatory activities

Abstract

From the dichloromethane extract of the whole plant of P. angulata growing in Vietnam, three withanolides including physagulin L (1), physagulin M (2), and withaminimin (3) were isolated by using various chromatography methods. Their chemical structures were determined by detailed analysis of 1D and 2D-NMR data and comparison with reported data. All isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that compound 3 had a weak anti-inflammatory activity against NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 value of 69.6±4.5 μM.

Withanolide-Type Steroids from Physalis nicandroides Inhibit HIV Transcription

“…The structures of the known compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with reported data as follows: physagulin K ( 6 ), 28 physagulin A ( 7 ), 29 withaminimin ( 8 ), 18 , 30 physagulin B ( 9 ), 29 physagulin J ( 10 ), 30 (20 S ,22 R )-15α-acetoxy-5α-chloro-6β,14β-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide ( 11 ), 31 physagulin C ( 12 ), 27 and physagulin F ( 13 ). 32 The detailed 1 H and 13 C NMR ( Tables 1 and 2 ) assignments of the one known compound, physagulide I ( 5 ), 33 which have not been reported previously, were made using 1D and 2D NMR techniques ( Tables 1 and 2 ).…”

Physalis angulata Linn. as a medicinal plant (Review)

“…In the last 10 years, there have been four studies using RAW 264.7 cells to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of P. angulata L. and its isolates. Yang et al ( 26 ) isolated physalin E from the stem and aerial parts of P. angulata L. and demonstrated that physalin E significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression at 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 M ( 26 , 27 ). In addition, withaminimin, obtained from dichloromethane extract of the whole plant of P. angulata L., educed nitric oxide (NO) generation in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( 27 ).…”

“…Yang et al ( 26 ) isolated physalin E from the stem and aerial parts of P. angulata L. and demonstrated that physalin E significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression at 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 M ( 26 , 27 ). In addition, withaminimin, obtained from dichloromethane extract of the whole plant of P. angulata L., educed nitric oxide (NO) generation in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( 27 ). Using NO production measurements following 1 lg/ml of LPS stimulation, the NO inhibition of each of the isolated compounds was assessed in RAW 246.7 cells.…”

“…P. angulata L. contains active ingredients that have medicinal properties. These active substances are: i) Physalin A in the roots, with antiparasitic properties ( 23 ), ii) physalin B in the whole plant, with anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antibacterial, anticancer and antifibrotic properties ( 10 , 16 , 17 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 37 , 43 ), iii) physalin D, F, G in the whole plant, with anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic and antibacterial properties ( 11 , 20 , 23 , 32 , 34 , 43 ), iv) physalin E in the whole plant, with anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic properties ( 23 ), v) physalin H in the root, with antiparasitic properties ( 20 , 31 ), vi) withangulatin A in the fruit, with antidiabetic properties ( 35 ) and vii) physangulatin A in the leaves and stems, with anti-inflammatory properties ( 35 ). The active substances in P. angulata L. are also presented in Table II and Fig.…”