Withdrawal time of four pharmaceutical formulations of enrofloxacin in poultry according to different maximum residues limits

Martín, Betty San; Cornejo, Javiera; Lapierre, Lisette; Iragüen, D.; Pérez, Felipe; Hidalgo, Héctor; André, François

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01127.x

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Also, in this study, it should be noted that once the sampling was started, all samples concentrations were below the established MRL (400 μg/kg muscle, and 800 μg/kg liver). These differ from other depletion studies published on other fluoroquinolones as enrofloxacin in chicken tissues (San Martín et al. , 2007, 2009), in which the concentrations obtained after sampling started were above the established MRLs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Depletion study of three formulations of flumequine in edible tissues and drug transfer into chicken feathers

Cornejo

Lapierre

Iragüen

et al. 2011

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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To ensure the delivery of safe animal products to consumers, withdrawal times (WDT) of drugs must be respected. Drugs administered in therapies can also reach nonedible tissues (for humans) such as feathers; this transfer is of concern as feather meal is used in diets of food producing animals, being this a possible source of residue contamination of final products for human consumption. WDTs of three flumequine formulations (10%, 80% premix powder and 20% solution) as well as the transfer of this drug into feathers were determined. One hundred and twenty broiler chickens were allocated into four experimental groups (36 birds each). Three of them were treated with 24 mg/kg bw orally for five consecutive days of each flumequine formulation, whereas one group remained untreated (12 birds as control group). After the treatment ended, six chickens of each experimental group and two controls were slaughtered daily for 6 days. Samples of muscle, liver and feathers were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS). The WDTs showed differences between formulations. Flumequine concentrations found in feathers remained high during WDT and after this period, thus suggesting that the WDTs estimated for the pharmaceutical formulation of flumequine do not guarantee the absence of this drug in chicken nonedible tissues such as feathers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Depletion study of three formulations of flumequine in edible tissues and drug transfer into chicken feathers

Cornejo

Lapierre

Iragüen

et al. 2011

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…Moreover, ENR was also detected after 6 days in fat, and this coincided with its slow WDT of about 3.81 days, suggesting the fat, together with liver and kidney, should also be considered as a key tissue for food safety control and toxicology concern. For the WDT of ENR, our findings in pigs were 5 days, which was similar to 5 or 6 days in poultry in previous reports (San Martin et al, 2010; Terrado-Campos et al, 2017). The previous studies revealed that after exposure to ENR at a dose of 10 mg/kg, the WDT was 5, 7, and 10 days in pigs (Delsol et al, 2004; San et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2011), and 23 days in piaractus mesopotamicus (Luo et al, 2010), most of which was far longer than that in our study (Wiuff et al, 2002; San et al, 2007; Godoy et al, 2011; Paschoal et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This revealed that ENR and CP were more prevalent and metabolized in kidney and liver, a result similar to published reports (Feng et al, 2005; San et al, 2007; San Martin et al, 2010; de Assis et al, 2016). This result also revealed that the liver is an appropriate target tissue for residue monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical Efficacy and Residue Depletion of 10% Enrofloxacin Enteric-Coated Granules in Pigs

et al. 2017

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A new, more palatable formulation of 10% enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules was investigated to evaluate the pharmacokinetic effect in plasma, the residue elimination in tissues and the clinical efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP) and Mycoplasam suis (MS) in pigs. In this study, the enrofloxacin concentrations in plasma and tissues were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with phosphate buffer (pH = 3) and acetonitrile. The pharmacokinetics and elimination of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules were performed after oral administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (bw) and 5 mg/kg twice per day for 5 consecutive days, respectively. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy and clinical effectiveness of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules against APP and MS were assayed at 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, compared with tiamulin (8 mg/kg) based on establishment of APP and MS infection models. 56 APP strains were selected and tested for in vitro antibacterial activity of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules. The main parameters of elimination half-life (t1/2β), Tmax, and area under the curve (AUC) were 14.99 ± 4.19, 3.99 ± 0.10, and 38.93 ± 1.52 μg h/ml, respectively, revealing that the enrofloxacin concentration remained high and with a sustainable distribution in plasma. Moreover, the analysis on the evaluation of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in muscle, fat, liver and kidney showed that the recovery were more than 84% recovery in accordance with the veterinary drug residue guidelines of United States pharmacopeia, and the withdrawal periods were 4.28, 3.81, 4.84, and 3.51 days, respectively, suggesting that the withdrawal period was 5 d after oral administration of 5 mg/kg twice per day. The optimal dosage of enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules against APP and MS was 5 mg/kg, with over 90% efficacy, which was significantly different (p < 0.05) to the 2.5 mg/kg group, but not to the 10 mg/kg group or the positive control group (tiamulin). In conclusion, 10% enrofloxacin enteric-coated granules had significant potential for treating APP and MS, and it provided an alternative enrofloxacin palatability formulation.

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“…To ensure delivery of safe fish products to consumers, the withdrawal time of drugs must be respected [23]. It was worth to mention that the elimination rate of both enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was slowest in muscle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameters-based dosing guidelines of enrofloxacin in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to minimize selection of drug resistance

Wang

Yang

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundAntibiotic resistance has become a serious global problem and is steadily increasing worldwide in almost every bacterial species treated with antibiotics. In aquaculture, the therapeutic options for the treatment of A. hydrophila infection were only limited to several antibiotics, which contributed for the fast-speed emergence of drug tolerance. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to establish a medication regimen to prevent drug resistant bacteria. To determine a rational therapeutic guideline, integrated pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters were based to predict dose and dosage interval of enrofloxacin in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella infected by a field-isolated A. hydrophila strain.ResultsThe pathogenic A. hydrophila strain (AH10) in grass carp was identified and found to be sensitive to enrofloxacin. The mutant selection window (MSW) of enrofloxacin on isolate AH10 was determined to be 0.5 - 3 μg/mL based on the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. By using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system, the Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in grass carp were monitored after a single oral gavage of 10, 20, 30 μg enrofloxacin per g body weight. Dosing of 30 μg/g resulted in serum maximum concentration (Cmax) of 7.151 μg/mL, and concentration in serum was above MPC till 24 h post the single dose. Once-daily dosing of 30 μg/g was determined to be the rational choice for controlling AH10 infection and preventing mutant selection in grass carp. Data of mean residue time (MRT) and body clearance (CLz) indicated that both enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin present similar eliminating rate and pattern in serum, muscle and liver. A withdraw time of more than 32 d was suggested based on the drug eliminating rate and pharmacokinetic model described by a polyexponential equation.ConclusionsBased on integrated PK/PD parameters (AUC/MIC, Cmax/MIC, and T>MPC), the results of this study established a principle, for the first time, on drawing accurate dosing guideline for pharmacotherapy against A. hydrophila strain (AH10) for prevention of drug-resistant mutants. Our approach in combining PK data with PD parameters (including MPC and MSW) was the new effort in aquaculture to face the challenge of drug resistance by drawing a specific dosage guideline of antibiotics.

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Withdrawal time of four pharmaceutical formulations of enrofloxacin in poultry according to different maximum residues limits

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Depletion study of three formulations of flumequine in edible tissues and drug transfer into chicken feathers

Depletion study of three formulations of flumequine in edible tissues and drug transfer into chicken feathers

Clinical Efficacy and Residue Depletion of 10% Enrofloxacin Enteric-Coated Granules in Pigs

Integrated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics parameters-based dosing guidelines of enrofloxacin in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to minimize selection of drug resistance

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