“…[21,24,43,49,50,63] The R package earlyR is the frequentist equivalent of EpiEstim, and therefore returns estimates that are only data-driven, but it is not set up to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers. [21,43,49,50,74] EpiFilter can use data before and beyond time t to estimate R t , which means that in addition to real-time estimation it can facilitate more robust retrospective estimation, particularly in low incidence settings. [24,63] In EpiEstim, the SI distribution can be specified as parametric (where only the mean and standard deviation are required), non-parametric (where the whole discrete distribution is provided), or "uncertain", where a range of potential SIs are considered.…”