WITHDRAWN: Development of EMC-based empirical model for estimating spatial distribution of pollutant loads and its application in rural areas of Korea

Qian, Yi; Li, Hui; Lee, Jin Woo; Kim, Young‐Chul

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.024

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We performed NMR spectrometry (both 1 H and 13 C) to determine the chemical composition of the EPS produced by the RO membrane isolates, as described recently ( Khan et al, 2013 ; Rehman et al, 2017 ). Briefly, for 1 H NMR, 2–3 mg of lyophilized EPS was dissolved in 650 μl of deuterated water D 2 O and transferred the solution to 5 mm NMR tubes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectroscopic techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) are well suited to study the chemical structure and chemical nature of organic molecules. These techniques have been extensively used to identify the functional groups, type of chemical bonds, and monomeric composition of organic molecules obtained from diverse environments ( Metzger et al, 2009 ; Abdulla et al, 2010 ; Jiao et al, 2010 ; Rehman et al, 2017 ). Furthermore, high-resolution NMR spectroscopy provides information about analytes at the molecular level with little sample preparation requirements, making it an analytical tool of choice ( Alves et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

2021

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This work describes the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by three bacteria (RO1, RO2, and RO3) isolated from a biofouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. We isolated pure cultures of three bacterial strains from a 7-year-old biofouled RO module that was used in a full-scale seawater treatment plant. All the bacterial strains showed similar growth rates, biofilm formation, and produced similar quantities of proteins and polysaccharides. The gel permeation chromatography showed that the EPS produced by all the strains has a high molecular weight; however, the EPS produced by strains RO1 and RO3 showed the highest molecular weight. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and Carbon NMR (13C NMR) were used for a detailed characterization of the EPS. These physicochemical analyses allowed us to identify features of EPS that are important for biofilm formation. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages (920 cm–1) and amide II (1,550 cm–1) in the EPS, the presence of which has been correlated with the fouling potential of bacteria. The presence of α-glycoside linkages was further confirmed by 13C NMR analysis. The 13C NMR analysis also showed that the EPS produced by these bacteria is chemically similar to foulants obtained from biofouled RO membranes in previous studies. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that the majority of substances that cause fouling on RO membranes originate from bacteria. Investigation using 1H NMR showed that the EPS contained a high abundance of hydrophobic compounds, and these compounds can lead to flux decline in the membrane processes. Genome sequencing of the isolates showed that they represent novel species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. Examination of genomes showed that these bacteria carry carbohydrates-active enzymes that play a role in the production of polysaccharides. Further genomic studies allowed us to identify proteins involved in the biosynthesis of EPS and flagella involved in biofilm formation. These analyses provide a glimpse into the physicochemical properties of EPS found on the RO membrane. This knowledge can be useful in the rational design of biofilm control treatments for the RO membrane.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

2021

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“…The EMC is often used to estimate stormwater pollutant loads [25,29] and investigates the occurrence of a seasonal first flush [13]. Grum et al [24] analyzed the underlying structure of systematic variations in the EMCs of pollutants in combined sewers during rainfall events.…”

Section: Emcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stormwater Runoff Characteristics and Effective Management of Nonpoint Source Pollutants from a Highland Agricultural Region in the Lake Soyang Watershed

Cho

Lee

2017

Water

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Abstract:The dense highland field area in the upstream region of the Lake Soyang watershed is subject to excessive soil erosion during the wet season. In this study, stormwater runoff from the Lake Soyang watershed was monitored during four rainfall events at 10 locations throughout 2016. The maximum SS concentration at Naedongcheon, which is located in the upper part of the Soyang River, reached 4598 mg/L. The event mean concentration (EMC) of SS loads in Naedongcheon ranged from 82.2 mg/L to 926.3 mg/L. We found that, although the first flush events were usually concentrated in highly paved urban areas, a first flush occurred in the agricultural area of the dense highland field region. The first flush phenomenon was identified by a dimensionless cumulative runoff mass and volume curve (M(V) curve), and the intensity of the first flush was analyzed by the coefficient of the nonlinear regression model and the FF 30 and FF 25 values (the fraction of pollution load transported by the first 30% and 25% of runoff, respectively). Nonlinear regression models using the power function were applied to fit the M(V) curve, the FF 30 values were inversely proportional to the coefficient a of the regression model. A long-term seasonal trend decomposition for monthly turbidity and precipitation was performed for the Lake Soyang. Long-term turbidity trend was approximately coincident with the trend in long-term precipitation. In addition, the present status of the best management practices (BMPs) in the upper part of the Soyang River basin was investigated, and a survey of the management and operation of the BMPs was conducted for selected farmers.

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“…Morrison and Kolden (2015) modeled nonpoint source pollutants using a GIS based empirical deterministic model parameterized with multi-year land cover data to quantify fire-induced increases in transport to the nearshore environment. The results indicated that post-fire concentration increases in phosphorus by 161 percent, sediments by 350 percent and TSS by 53 percent above pre-fire years.An integrated approach for easy calculation of pollutant loads from agricultural watersheds has been suggested and verified byYi et al (2015). The results of statistical tests of these formulas showed that they were fairly good in predicting actual pollution values of some parameters Bostian et al (2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpoint Source Pollution

Ahmad

Sakib

Gang

2016

Water Environment Research

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WITHDRAWN: Development of EMC-based empirical model for estimating spatial distribution of pollutant loads and its application in rural areas of Korea

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Stormwater Runoff Characteristics and Effective Management of Nonpoint Source Pollutants from a Highland Agricultural Region in the Lake Soyang Watershed

Nonpoint Source Pollution

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