WITHDRAWN: Metabolic syndrome: Diagnosis, potential markers and management—an update

Singh, Balbir; Mallika, V.; Goswami, Binita

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2006.08.031

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…These results extend previously shown effects of a healthy lifestyle for the risks of the metabolic syndrome and for cardiovascular disease to the domain of cognitive function [84,85] . Future therapeutic interventions that try to preserve and improve memory functions in the elderly may profit from similar comprehensive approaches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Lifestyle and Memory in the Elderly

Flöel¹,

Witte²,

Lohmann³

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: Healthy lifestyle has been associated with a decreased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with memory functions is still inconclusive. This study aims to analyze the association between a composite lifestyle index and memory performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 198 healthy individuals (aged 65–84 years) underwent tests of verbal episodic memory. A composite lifestyle index was calculated that included the following lifestyle dimensions: physical exercise, dietary habits, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption. The healthiest behavior was defined as: a BMI <22; a diet high in fruits, vegetables, wholemeal/low-fat foods and unsaturated fatty acids; energy expenditure through physical activity >13,000 kcal/week; a history of never smoking; an alcohol consumption of 4–10 drinks per week. Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that a high lifestyle index score was associated with a better memory score (after adjusting for age, sex, education and blood pressure). The composite index had a stronger relationship with memory scores than single factors. Conclusions: This cross-sectional study revealed that a healthy lifestyle, assessed by a simple composite index, is related to better memory performance in healthy elderly individuals. Our findings point to the importance of a comprehensive modulation of lifestyle factors when finding ways to preserve memory functions in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Lifestyle and Memory in the Elderly

Flöel¹,

Witte²,

Lohmann³

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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“…Immunoglobulin elevation was selective, affecting only the IgA class, with the exception of an IgM increase in individuals with dyslipidaemia. The mechanisms of IgA elevation in individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome are unknown, but IgA elevation is not surprising because both conditions are chronic inflammatory disorders [21,22]. Serum levels of IL‐6, an inflammatory marker, were associated with those of serum IgA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in serum IgA levels is a generalized phenomenon in diabetic patients [19,20]. Chronic inflammation is a key feature of type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome [21,22], a cluster of abnormalities characterized by insulin resistance along with specific risk factors including hyperglycaemia, visceral adiposity, dyslipidaemia and high blood pressure [23,24]. Production of proinflammatory cytokines is increased in patients with metabolic syndrome [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in a general adult population and their relationship with alcohol consumption, smoking and common metabolic abnormalities

Gonzalez-Quintela¹,

Alende²,

Gudé³

et al. 2007

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

542

412

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SummaryThe present study investigated serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in relation to demographic factors, common habits (alcohol consumption and smoking) and metabolic abnormalities in an adult population-based survey including 460 individuals. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, a marker of inflammation, were also determined. After adjusting for confounders, male sex was associated positively with IgA levels and negatively with IgM levels. Age was associated positively with IgA and IgG levels. Smoking was associated negatively with IgG levels. Heavy drinking was associated positively with IgA levels. Metabolic abnormalities (obesity and metabolic syndrome) were associated positively with IgA levels. Abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia were the components of metabolic syndrome associated most strongly with serum IgA. Heavy drinkers with metabolic syndrome showed particularly high serum IgA levels. Serum IL-6 levels were correlated positively with IgA and IgG concentrations. It is concluded that sex, age, alcohol consumption, smoking and common metabolic abnormalities should be taken into account when interpreting serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM.

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“…Omental adiposity [17,18] preceds the development of insulin resistance and T2D and is one of the major components of the metabolic syndrome. Since adipokines derived from omental adipose tissue are clearly involved in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease [1,19-21], new adipokines such as omentin might play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated metabolic disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Schäffler¹,

Zeitoun²,

Wobser³

et al. 2007

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Background:The omental adipose tissue is pathogenetically involved in both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Thus, adipokines secreted from omental adipose tissue might play an important role in these diseases. Omentin represents a new adipokine expressed in and secreted by omental adipose tissue. Therefore, it was the aim to investigate the putative role of a newly described sequence missense variation in the human omentin gene. Methods:The Val109Asp single nucleotide miss-sense polymorphism and the His86His polymorphism in exon-4 of the omentin gene were newly identified by random sequencing. Only the miss-sense polymorphism was investigated further. Genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified DNA fragments. Three different cohorts of well-characterized individuals were included in the study. 114 patients suffering from T2D, 190 patients suffering from IBD (128 with CD and 62 with UC) and 276 nondiabetic healthy controls without any history for IBD were analyzed. Results:The following allelic frequencies were determined: controls: Val-allele: 0.26, Asp-allele: 0.74; T2D: Valallele: 0.3, Asp-allele: 0.7; IBD: Val-allel: 0.31, Asp-allele: 0.69. UC and CD patients did not differ in regard to the allelic frequency. Similarly, controls, T2D patients and IBD patients did not show significant differences in genotype distribution among each other. Disease manifestation and pattern of infestation were not related to genotype subgroups, neither in CD nor in UC. Furthermore, there was no significant association between genotype subgroups and anthropometric or laboratory parameters in T2D patients. Conclusion:Based on sequence comparisons and homology searches, the amino acid position 109 is conserved in the omentin gene of humans, mice and chimpanzee but is not completely conserved between other omentin homologous genes. Moreover, position 109 lies outside the fibrinogen domain. Due to these structural features and based on the present data, the Val109Asp sequence variation is more a single nucleotide polymorphism than a real disease-causing mutation.

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WITHDRAWN: Metabolic syndrome: Diagnosis, potential markers and management—an update

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Lifestyle and Memory in the Elderly

Lifestyle and Memory in the Elderly

Serum levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in a general adult population and their relationship with alcohol consumption, smoking and common metabolic abnormalities

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