WITHDRAWN: Nicotinamide Attenuates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Complications and Increases Survival Rate in Rats: Role of Autonomic Nervous System.

Abstract

Background: Diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) is a well-known model to study diabetes complications in rats and mice. The association of nicotinamide (N) with STZ has been widely used, and the severity of diabetes is attenuated. However, the mechanisms supporting this attenuation are not completely understood. Considering the key role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathophysiology of several diseases, we hypothesized that N could affect baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic modulation, thus protecting from the aggressive effects of STZ. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into control (C) and STZ-induced diabetes (D). Half of the rats from each group received a single dose of N (100mg/Kg) before STZ injection (CN and DN). All groups were followed-up for 5 weeks. Results: Body weight loss of more than 40% was observed in D throughout the period (D: 271.00±12.74 g; DN: 344.62±17.82). Increased glycemia was seen in D rats (541.28±18.68 mg/dl) while DN group had a slight decrease (440.87±20.96 mg/dl). However, insulin resistance was observed only in D. In relation to C, heart rate, mean blood pressure and diastolic function were reduced when compared to D, together with parasympathetic modulation (RMSSD D: 5.4±0.2 ms and DN: 9.3±1.2 ms) and baroreflex sensitivity. All of these parameters were improved in DN when compared to D. Improved baroreflex sensitivity and parasympathetic modulation were correlated with glycemia, insulin resistance, and body weight mass. Additionally, DN group increased survival rate. Conclusions: These results suggest that the association of nicotinamide in STZ-induced diabetic rats prevents most of the expected derangements mainly by preserving parasympathetic and baroreflex parameters.

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“…Zhou et al (2009) found that neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions could regulate growth and development in Schistosoma japonicum. The role of the nervous system was also correlated with glycaemia, insulin resistance and body weight mass, which was similar to our conclusion (Cruz et al, 2021).…”

The Potential Modulating Impact of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (Dpp-4) Inhibitor, Sitagliptin on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

“…After administration, it reaches the pancreatic cells quickly and breaks the DNA strands of the cells 30 . Nicotinamide lessens the damage caused by STZ, which delays the onset of insulin insufficiency and mimics the symptoms of T2DM 31 . When blood glucose levels rise, glucose attaches to haemoglobin molecules in a concentration-dependent manner in diabetics.…”

The Effect of Edamame milk on Triglyceride Levels in Diabetes Wistar Rats

“…The addition of NAD in mice aims to inhibit poly ADP-ribose synthase (PARP) and prevent further cell damage due to the toxicity of STZ. According to the theory, the induction of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg and NA 110 mg/kg can increase fasting blood glucose levels >300 mg/dL in 7 days [12].…”