Within-subject comparison of the subjective and psychomotor effects of a gaseous anesthetic and two volatile anesthetics in healthy volunteers

Beckman, Nancy; Zacny, James P.; Walker, Diana J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.06.002

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the other hand, the discriminative-stimulus effects of N 2 O overlapped only marginally with those of the volatile anesthetics isoflurane and methoxyflurane. This separation is consistent with previous studies in which, using ‘subjective effects’ questionnaires, normal human volunteers describe isoflurane as sedating (Zacny et al, 1994) whereas N 2 O produces more “high” “tingling” and “dreamy, detached reverie” (Zacny et al, 1994; Beckman et al, 2006). Unlike isoflurane, both methoxyflurane and N 2 O have pronounced analgesic effects in humans (Tomi et al, 1993; Abdullah et al, 2011; Caldicott, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Discriminative stimulus effects of nitrous oxide in mice

Richardson

Shelton

2014

Behavioural Pharmacology

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The abuse-related behavioral effects produced by nitrous oxide (N2O) gas have been suggested to be unique amongst abused inhalants. The drug discrimination paradigm in animals can be used to study subjective effects of drugs in humans and can be used to test this hypothesis. The goals of the present experiment were to establish a nitrous oxide discrimination in mice and compare its discriminative stimulus effects to those of abused volatile vapors and vapor anesthetics. Sixteen B6SJLF1/J mice were trained to discriminate 10 min of exposure to 60% N2O + 40% oxygen from 100% oxygen. The time course of N2O discrimination was examined followed by cross-substitution testing with abused vapors, volatile anesthetics, ethanol, D-amphetamine and 2-butanol. Mice acquired the N2O versus O2 discrimination in 40 days. N2O fully substituted for 10 min of exposure to 60% N2O in a concentration-dependent manner. Full substitution required 7 min of 60% N2O exposure but the offset of stimulus effects following the cessation of exposure was more rapid. The aromatic hydrocarbon toluene almost fully substituted for N2O. 1,1,1- trichloroethane (TCE), methoxyflurane, isoflurane and ethanol exhibited lesser degrees of substitution, and D-amphetamine and the odorant 2-butanol did not substitute at all for N2O. Given the varying degrees of incomplete substitution by test compounds, the discriminative stimulus properties of N2O and, perhaps, its subjective effects in humans are probably not unique. As none of the inhalants tested fully mimicked N2O, its overall effects may include one or more novel stimulus components.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Discriminative stimulus effects of nitrous oxide in mice

Richardson

Shelton

2014

Behavioural Pharmacology

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“…Similar mechanisms are thought to be involved in the establishment of abusive potential of inhalational anesthetics. [38][39][40] Euphoria and psychedelic-like effects of N 2 O and other inhalational anesthetics are explained by their NMDA antagonizing properties. 39 Nevertheless, the exact neural mechanisms mediating their abusive potential are yet to be determined.…”

Section: Inhalational Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38][39][40] Euphoria and psychedelic-like effects of N 2 O and other inhalational anesthetics are explained by their NMDA antagonizing properties. 39 Nevertheless, the exact neural mechanisms mediating their abusive potential are yet to be determined. Dependence and abuse of inhalational anesthetics seriously impacts the personal health and professional conduct of ACPs.…”

Section: Inhalational Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-opioid anesthetic drug abuse among anesthesia care providers: a narrative review

Zuleta-Alarcon

Coffman

Soghomonyan

et al. 2016

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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Purpose The objective of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the problem of non-opioid anesthetic drug abuse among anesthesia care providers (ACPs) and to describe current approaches to screening, therapy, and rehabilitation of ACPs suffering from non-opioid anesthetic drug abuse. Source We first performed a search of all literature available on PubMed prior to April 11, 2016. The search was limited to articles published in Spanish and English, and the following key words were used: anesthesiology, anesthesia personnel, AND substance-related disorders. We also searched Ovid MEDLINE

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“…This view is bolstered by the extreme stigma associated with VSM (Oetting, Edwards, & Beauvais, 1988). Yet, subjective accounts of experiences associated with VSM suggest that the inhalation of volatile substances produces an intensely pleasurable form of intoxication (e.g., Beckman, Zacny, & Walker, 2006;Garland & Howard, 2010a;MacLean, 2008). Contextual theories, which suggest that VSM may be in part determined by one's position within a socially stratified and hierarchical society (MacLean, 2005), may reconcile these views of VSM as a desperate act and a sought-after source of pleasure.…”

Section: Etiological and Contextual Considerations Of Volatile Substamentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Substance Misuse in the United States

Garland

Howard

Vaughn

et al. 2011

Substance Use & Misuse

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Volatile substance misuse (VSM) is prevalent in the United States and associated with manifold deleterious outcomes. This review summarizes research on: (1) the prevalence of VSM in the United States and its trends since 1975, (2) population subgroups at an elevated risk for VSM, (3) key correlates of VSM, (4) psychosocial consequences of VSM, including emerging public health threats, and (5) etiological and contextual considerations of VSM use. Implications for future research and practice with volatile substance misusers in the United States are identified.

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Within-subject comparison of the subjective and psychomotor effects of a gaseous anesthetic and two volatile anesthetics in healthy volunteers

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Discriminative stimulus effects of nitrous oxide in mice

Discriminative stimulus effects of nitrous oxide in mice

Non-opioid anesthetic drug abuse among anesthesia care providers: a narrative review

Volatile Substance Misuse in the United States

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