“…While adversity can vary from discrete events such as natural disasters (e.g., bushfires (Shepherd & Williams, 2014 ; Williams & Shepherd, 2016b , 2018 ) and earthquakes (Williams & Shepherd, 2016a , 2021 )) and man-made disasters (e.g., refugees fleeing war in their home countries (Mittermaier et al, 2022a , 2022b )), it also manifests in longer-term processes of chronic adversity such as poverty (Chatterjee et al, 2022 ; Shepherd, Parida & Wincent, 2021 ), the intersectionality of dirty work, slums, and caste (Shepherd et al, 2022 ), and “permanent” refugees (Shepherd et al, 2020 ). Indeed, it has been argued by some (e.g., Roux-Dufort, 2007 , 2016 ; Shrivastava, 1992 ; Turner, 1976 ) that the actual “event” of a crisis is a discrete flashpoint derived from a longer, incubated process.…”