Women’s Entrepreneurship in Europe: Research Facets and Educational Foci

Birkner, Stephanie; Ettl, Kerstin; Welter, Friederike; Ebbers, Ilona

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96373-0_1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Additionally, entrepreneurship literature is exhaustively studied in the developed and western context of the world (e.g. Birkner et al, 2018;Rashid and Ratten, 2020). To fill this gap, this study aims Experiences of women entrepreneurs to explore the learning of women entrepreneurs during COVID-19 embedded in the sociocultural context of Pakistan which understudied developing country in entrepreneurship learning literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning experiences of women entrepreneurs amidst COVID-19

Afshan

Shahid

Tunio³

2021

IJGE

143

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Purpose COVID-19 pandemic triggered unexpected crises, which were beyond the imaginations of a common man. It changed the order of routine life and the business world. In this challenging condition, the survival of the small business was at high risk. Following experiential learning theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore women's entrepreneurial learning obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic, the challenges experienced by them and strategies undertaken to transform businesses. Design/methodology/approach To explore Pakistani women entrepreneurs' lived experiences and learning during the COVID-19, researchers used a qualitative interview design. The interviewees reported their experiences about the effects of COVID-19 on their business and entrepreneurial learning from such a crisis. Findings The findings of the study indicate new fractions of knowledge from the novel learning of the female entrepreneurs throughout the experience of the COVID-19. The transformation from manual business dealings and financial transactions to virtual dealing and the online transaction was the addition of novel learning. Furthermore, the analysis provides insights into the challenges experienced by women entrepreneurs, strategies undertaken and lessons learned from COVID-19. The life lessons learned showed the importance of technical skills and their business operations during the crisis. Research limitations/implications This study is very specific in its context and limitations of this study offers new avenue for research to extend study in different perspectives. First, interviews were conducted from women entrepreneurs running businesses in sub-urban cities of Pakistan, where study can be extended to include both male and female in a comparative study which can expose new dimensions. Second, this study is conducted in the sub-urban areas of the Sindh province of Pakistan, which can be extended to other areas of the country because Pakistan is multicultural and multilingual, which offer different gender specific factors for entrepreneurial activities in general terms but in case of the Covid-19 situation, there exists great variations and social stratifications. Third, this study can be extended to other developing or developed countries or comparative study can provide a new flavor of knowledge. Practical implications The study's finding offers few implications for the entrepreneurs, societies and government at large. Although the pandemic crisis has had devastating effects on health and lifestyle activities, there is always a ray of coming to innovative approaches to fulfill the entrepreneurial desires and serve the community. Thus, entrepreneurs are encouraged to contribute to the economy as a part of society through their sustainable products and services for the greater good. There is also a need for some social policies to find entrepreneurial ways to deal with the COVID-19 crisis that integrates value co-creation for society (Ratten, 2020b). Government and society should also intervene and play their role to encourage women entrepreneurs to feel a sense of empowerment, contribute to family income, alleviate poverty, create jobs and help in economic growth. Originality/value This study's unique contribution and origin are to explore the COVID-19-related entrepreneurial learning experiences of women entrepreneurs in a developing country (Pakistan). Moreover, this study theoretically contributes to the development of experiential learning theory by expanding its insights during COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning experiences of women entrepreneurs amidst COVID-19

Afshan

Shahid

Tunio³

2021

IJGE

143

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“…However, in order to improve the theoretical and empirical basis as well as the quality and the effectiveness of the targeted measures, further empirical gender studies in the area of female entrepreneurship are needed [6]. In addition, the corresponding changes in family and economic policy, in the structure of the labour market, and in societal norms are essential [4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, female entrepreneurship has attracted more attention as a field of research. In current research discussions, several reasons have been put forward as to why the field of entrepreneurship is dominated by men [2,6,7,8,9]. However, the findings concerning this complex issue are not particularly conclusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic Entrepreneurship Education: Does Gender Matter?

Justus

2021

SHS Web of Conf.

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Academic entrepreneurship education aims to train and raise awareness amongst students about entrepreneurial activity, thereby increasing the number of academic start-ups and spin-offs. However, as yet, there are very few findings on the gender-specific differences amongst potential entrepreneurs. Building on the current state of research, gender-specific differences in the form of various different components of entrepreneurial competence are examined. This study focuses in particular on (1) entrepreneurial knowledge, (2) domain-specific interest in entrepreneurship, (3) interest in leadership roles, and (4) entrepreneurial and (5) intrapreneurial intention. Based on an online survey of 281 students of a German and Czech university, the mean differences show that there are statistically significant lower values for female students than for male students for all the variables investigated, that is with exception to intrapreneurial intention. These findings underline the need for targeted promotion of female entrepreneurship within the context of academic entrepreneurship education.

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“…Via gender analysis, the socially constructed aspects of masculinity and femininity have become more prominent when analyzing the genderedness of entrepreneurial contexts [28][29][30][31], identities [32], or activities [33]. While this development of a new research agenda is promising, and a lot has in fact happened in politics, academia, and education in the last two decades, there is still much to be done in both the scientific and practical realms [34].…”

Section: Sex and Gender Perspectives In Entrepreneurship Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Masculinity, and Femininity on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students

Vercruysse¹

2022

Masculinity Studies - An Interdisciplinary Approach

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In the last decade, a lot of studies have focused on the effects of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of students. However, various conclusions are seen in previous literature regarding the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of students. In a lot of papers regarding the relation between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions and behavior, the variable sex (being male or female) is a control variable or studied as moderator. Since sex is not always seen as a sufficient moderator, some researchers split the total test group into two subgroups, based on the gender role orientation of people (masculinity and femininity) rather than the sex differences, although research in this area is quite scarce. This book chapter tackles this research gap and examines the effects of entrepreneurship education on student’s entrepreneurial intention, when emphasizing not only on sex but also on masculinity and femininity. Two different empirical studies are integrated. The first study demonstrates that male students have higher entrepreneurial intention compared with female students, and people with high masculinity also score higher in entrepreneurial intention, compared with people with low masculinity. The second study reveals that an elective, lecture-based course especially suited the students with high masculinity.

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Women’s Entrepreneurship in Europe: Research Facets and Educational Foci

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Learning experiences of women entrepreneurs amidst COVID-19

Learning experiences of women entrepreneurs amidst COVID-19

Academic Entrepreneurship Education: Does Gender Matter?

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Masculinity, and Femininity on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students

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