Women’s well-being during a pandemic and its containment

Bau, Natalie; Khanna, Gaurav; Low, Corinne; Shah, Manisha; Sharmin, Sreyashi; Voena, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102839

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this case, the vulnerability profile is biased in regard to these aspects since they are the ones that explain citizens’ quality of life. This is consistent with studies such as that by King et al [ 37 ] but in other aspects aligns with that by Bau et al [ 38 ], who concluded that gender differences which pre-date the pandemic are being exacerbated. On the other hand, in terms of age, the results reveal that young people are the most affected in terms of the work and educational environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards’ Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results

Ruiz

Navarro

Huete-Alcocer

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Following the serious health situation in Spain and around the world in 2020 and 2021 stemming from COVID-19, this paper examines how the most vulnerable groups (in social and health terms) in Spanish society suffered the worst impacts on their quality of life during the pandemic. The review of the literature and publications released by the health authorities highlight the high number of cases of illness and death due to COVID-19; however, there are no studies about how it has affected aspects of citizens’ daily lives, considering some of their sociodemographic characteristics such as age and gender. A key issue when measuring citizens’ quality of life is that we typically see a U-shaped curve by age group, where young people register the highest shares along with the elderly; nevertheless, the pandemic has clearly brought about a change in this regard. In this study, we corroborate this finding, along with the psychological issues underlying this fact in young people and the physical ones in the elderly. To do so, we use an ANOVA and regression analysis with data from a sample of 908 Spanish citizens belonging to different age groups. These data were collected through an online survey distributed throughout Spain, mostly by email and social media, between 15 February and 15 April 2021 with a margin of error of 3.25% and a confidence level of 95%. Furthermore, the analysis allowed us to determine how aspects of daily life—family situation, living conditions, social environment, employment and financial situation—have been negatively affected during the pandemic, clearly depending on the age of the people surveyed, pushing them towards social and health vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Those who worked were more affected, given the difficulties in achieving a work–life balance during lockdown [ 37 ], with women more often having to take care of other family members than men. The gender differences that already existed in pre-pandemic times have thus been accentuated [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards’ Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results

Ruiz

Navarro

Huete-Alcocer

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Our study informs these conversations and unpacks how women engage with technology like m‐Health interventions for maternity health management with constraints in the developing world. Our findings suggest that while the pandemic has had an adverse effect, especially on women worldwide, including in India (Rathi & Chatterjee 2022 ; Bau et al 2021 ; Ribarovska et al, 2021 ; Xue & McMunn, 2021 ; Yaish et al, 2021 ; Zamarro & Prados, 2021 ; Deshpande, 2020 ; Myers et al, 2020 and Ravindran & Shah, 2020 , among many others), in some rare contexts like ours, it may have had a positive welfare effect of an increase in technology engagement. While the lack of data does not allow us to investigate whether it translates into better maternal health outcomes, we hope that, on the margin, it may have given the large body of evidence now on the welfare‐enhancing aspect of mobile phones (Cawley & Ruhm, 2011 ; Dupas, 2011a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Pandemics and technology engagement: New evidence from m‐Health intervention during COVID‐19 in India

Rathi

Chakrabarti

Chatterjee

et al. 2022

Review Development Economics

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Information provision for social welfare via cheap technological media is now a widely available tool used by policymakers. Often, however, an ample supply of information does not translate into high consumption of information due to various frictions in demand, possibly stemming from the pecuniary and non‐pecuniary cost of engagement, along with institutional factors. We test this hypothesis in the Indian context using a unique data set comprising 2 million call records of enrolled users of ARMMAN, a Mumbai‐based nongovernmental organization that sends timely informational calls to mobile phones of less‐privileged pregnant women. The strict lockdown induced by COVID‐19 in India was an unexpected shock on engagement with m‐Health technology, in terms of both reductions in market wages and increased time availability at home. Using a difference‐in‐differences design on unique calls tracked at the user‐time level with fine‐grained time‐stamps on calls, we find that during the lockdown period, the call durations increased by 1.53 percentage points. However, technology engagement behavior exhibited demographic heterogeneity increasing relatively after the lockdown for women who had to borrow the phones vis‐à‐vis phone owners, for those enrolled in direct outreach programs vis‐à‐vis self‐registered women, and for those who belonged to the low‐income group vis‐à‐vis high‐income group. These findings are robust with coarsened exact matching and with a placebo test for a 2017–2018 sample. Our results have policy implications around demand‐side frictions for technology engagement in developing economies and maternal health.

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“…The literature was largely focused on the immediate confinement measures and the consequences on care/domestic work and violence [ 95 ], while there was no in-depth and central analysis of other inequity markers related to medium and long-term impacts that will surely affect recovery, such as food and nutritional insecurity, loss of livelihood, indebtedness, low resilience, and rising poverty [ 95 ]. Food and nutritional insecurity issues were considered by Chitando [ 31 ], Oladeinde [ 33 ], Arora et al [ 40 ], Singh et al [ 44 ], Bau et al [ 55 ], and Pinchoff et al [ 69 ] carried out in African countries and India. A part of the documents analysed the gender impacts globally and immediate employment consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and social protection and health policies promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global scoping review and future challenges

Moyano

Martínez

2022

J Glob Health

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Background Governmental interventions have been important tools for mitigating COVID-19 transmission, but they have also negatively impacted different gender-related components. We aimed to answer the following questions: What is the scope of the gender approach in the literature analysing health and social protection policies promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are the challenges and recommendations for gender-sensitive policies for the post-pandemic and future crises? Methods The study design is based on three stages: a global synthesis of the evidence through a scoping review, the generation of a framework of emerging inequalities based on sociocultural markers, and the creation of a matrix with the challenges and recommendations. In this scoping review, we searched 10 online databases for studies published until April 2022 and conducted a content analysis on the extracted studies. Results Of the 771 identified records, 67 met our inclusion criteria. Most studies had a female person (52/67) as the first author. The binary model was the main approach addressed in the studies (61/67). The literature showed that the closure, distancing, and other social policies did not include a gender approach and generated negative gaps related to economic instability, reproductive roles, and gender violence. In the intersectionality dimension, multiple aspects emerged (macro, meso, micro-social level, and individual level). Greater gender gaps in connection with employment (related to increased housework) were observed during the closure and distancing stage of the pandemic. Asymmetries related to female participation in the management of the pandemic and an increase in discrimination and abuse of diversity groups were detected. Conclusions We observed gaps both in the gender approach both in knowledge and in policy implementation during the pandemic in the different countries explored in this work. This is a call to attention and action for researchers, political decision-makers, and other interested parties to incorporate and accentuate the gender perspective in all policies related to the post-pandemic period and future social and health crises.

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Women’s well-being during a pandemic and its containment

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards’ Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results

Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards’ Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results

Pandemics and technology engagement: New evidence from m‐Health intervention during COVID‐19 in India

Gender and social protection and health policies promoted during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global scoping review and future challenges

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