Women’s Work and Rights in Early Modern Urban Europe

Bellavitis, Anna

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96541-3

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Clearly, this project was based on an intrinsic gender discrimination. While the men of the Industrial Revolution were the “breadwinners” for their families, women's wages, if present, could not be higher or more significant than a complementary resource (Zelizer, 1997 ; Bellavitis, 2018 ) and, ≪At the same time, women, identified as “nature,” were excluded from the “public” space of politics, reserved for men≫ (Bellavitis, 2018 , p. 10).…”

Section: Subjectivities At Stake: the Other Side Of Non-standard Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequality in Precarious Academic Work: Female Adjunct Professors in Italy

Angelis

Grüning

2020

Front. Sociol.

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International research studies and national reports point out two specific aspects which characterize women's academic careers (cf. Eagly, 2003; Glass and Cook, 2016). First, few women advance to senior academic roles. Second, although female academics progress in numbers equivalent to their male colleagues up to a certain point, in most cases their academic career paths either stop before they arrive at tenured positions or they remain in the lower ranks of the hierarchical academic structure. Thus, while the numeric growth and temporal extension of fixed-term positions has, overall, increased women's opportunities for researching and teaching at universities, on the other hand, it has impeded their access to tenured positions. To better highlight this dynamic, this article focuses on the situation of female adjunct professors in Italy. The interest in adjunct professors is twofold: on the one hand, the social and economic status of adjunct professors in the Italian academic system have worsened over time, from independent to formal independent workers; on the other hand, compared with other non-tenured positions, there are substantially fewer female adjunct professors than male. We first provide an overall picture of the historical and juridical transformations of the rank distribution of faculty in Italian universities from the perspective of gender. As a second step, we compare the actual working conditions of female and male adjunct professors on the basis of a survey carried out from January to October 2018 (5,556 respondents corresponding to more than 20% of the population) and semi-structured interviews with 31 adjunct professors. The aim of the analysis is to pinpoint objective and subjective gender similarities and differences regarding both socioeconomic variables and the ways male and female adjunct professors think about their academic and extra-academic work; how they experience the academic environment between paid and unpaid work, construct their professional/academic identity, and imagine their professional future and perceive problems related to the administration and organization of their academic work.

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Section: Subjectivities At Stake: the Other Side Of Non-standard Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequality in Precarious Academic Work: Female Adjunct Professors in Italy

Angelis

Grüning

2020

Front. Sociol.

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“…They had to repeat their rulings time and again, as the practices 'expected' by the regulations and those actually followed often diverged. 101 Such divergence between 'norm' and 'practice' has been found by scholars elsewhere, and cases appear in sources from both Bilbao and Antwerp. 102 It is clear that the town councils found it difficult to regulate the work of female traders.…”

Section: 'Trading Offences' and Councils' Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Married women are almost completely absent from the Antwerp tax registers; their husbands are listed as paying the taxes. 114 Of the 147 women listed in the registers, only three were given occupational titles: a midwife, a pastry seller and a seamstress. These three women's housing values was a median of 120 shillings tax, 10 schillings more than the average taxpayer and an amount equal to that paid by the 316 male taxpayers whose occupations were listed (see Table 3).…”

Section: Economic Inequality In Bilbao and Antwerp: A Quantitative Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women, town councils, and the organisation of work in Bilbao and Antwerp: a north-south comparison (1400–1560)

Vandeweerdt

2021

Cont. Change

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In this article, I compare women's work opportunities in Bilbao, in northern Castile, and Antwerp, in the Low Countries, from 1400 to 1560. I argue that the different organisation of work in the two towns had a great influence on women's economic opportunities. Whereas women in Antwerp often worked alongside other members of their household because of the town's dominant craft guilds, Bilbao's informal trades were open to women on their own, independent of their husband or another male relative. As a result, women in Bilbao are more visible in the sources and were able to exert more influence on the town council.

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“…Clearly, this project was based on an intrinsic gender discrimination. While the men of the Industrial Revolution were the "breadwinners" for their families, women's wages, if present, could not be higher or more significant than a complementary resource (Zelizer, 1997;Bellavitis, 2018) and, ≪At the same time, women, identified as "nature, " were excluded from the "public" space of politics, reserved for men≫ (Bellavitis, 2018, p. 10).…”

Section: Subjectivities At Stake: the Other Side Of Non-standard Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Standard Work, Self-Employment and Precariousness

2021

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open-access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers Journal SeriesThe Frontiers Journal Series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of open-access, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers Journal Series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to QualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation.

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Women’s Work and Rights in Early Modern Urban Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Gender Inequality in Precarious Academic Work: Female Adjunct Professors in Italy

Gender Inequality in Precarious Academic Work: Female Adjunct Professors in Italy

Women, town councils, and the organisation of work in Bilbao and Antwerp: a north-south comparison (1400–1560)

Non-Standard Work, Self-Employment and Precariousness

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