Women with HIV are more commonly infected with non-16 and -18 high-risk HPV types

HPV Infection and Cervical Abnormalities in HIV Positive Women in Different Regions of Brazil, a Middle-Income Country

“…HPV infection is an important STD and is considered the most prevalent in the world and the main factor in the genesis of SCC (Shrestha et al, 2010;Smith-McCune et al, 2010). HPV-DNA is present in 99.7% of all SCC (Sudenga et al, 2014); HPV-16 and HPV-18 are the genotypes most frequently associated with this type of cancer (McKenzie et al, 2010;Firnhaber et al, 2011). The majority of HPV infected patients are able to clear the infection naturally, and only a small proportion will progress to SCC (Sudenga et al, 2014).…”

“…In fact, some studies have consistently demonstrated that HIV+ women are more frequently infected with HPV genotypes that are not -16 and -18, such as -52 and -58 (Blossom et al, 2007;McKenzie et al, 2010). Accordingly, knowledge about the HPV genotype distribution in HIV+ women in different world regions is critical, especially given the recent approval of the next generation 9-valent HPV vaccine recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA, December 2014).…”

Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention for HIV-Infected Women in the Developing World

“…Recent HPV seroprevalence studies in HIV+ African women found that 65% were seropositive for one of the vaccine subtypes (Firnhaber 2011), suggesting that early vaccination may provide significant protection. However, a recent review found that HIV-infected women in different geographic regions (including Zambia, Brazil, US) appear to be infected with less prevalent HR-HPV types as compared to the general population (McKenzie et al 2010) . As yet there are limited data on safety, immune response and efficacy of the HPV vaccine in HIV+ women, although studies are on-going.…”

Lopinavir Up-Regulates Expression of the Antiviral Protein Ribonuclease L in Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Carcinoma Cells

“…In developing areas like Africa the cost of such a vaccination programme, even with subsidies, is likely to be prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, there is also evidence to indicate that vaccination will be less effective in HIVpositive women [11,12].…”