Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

List of abbreviations: APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVR, cardiovascular risk; CVRS, cardiovascular risk score; HIS, hepatic steatosis index; ICO, index of central obesity; LAP, lipid accumulation product; UAC, upper arm circumference; WC, waist circumference. SummaryBackground: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to analyse risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PCOS, to define individual risk factors and assess their ability to predict risk. Methods: Fifty-four young women with PCOS (22 obese and 32 normal weight) were compared to 46 respective controls (17 obese and 29 normal weight). Anthropometric parameters, lipid status parameters, inflammation markers, concentrations of glucose, transaminases, sex and anterior pituitary hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and androgens were measured. Cardiovascular Risk Score (CVRS), indices for identifying Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Index of Central Obesity (ICO) were calculated. Results: Significantly higher CVRS values (p<0.05) were found in obese PCOS women compared to normal weight control and normal weight PCOS groups. Anthropometric parameters, lipid status parameters and fibrinogen (p<0.001, p<0.01) were higher in women with higher CVRS. The most significant CVRS predictors in all PCOS women were SHBG, androstenedione, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). ICO and all NAFLD indices exhibited significant positive correlation with CVRS and a model consisting of

Evaluation of total LDH and its isoenzymes as markers in preeclampsia

“…Preeclampsia is defined as a pregnancy-specific multi-systemic syndrome of widespread endothelial malfunction and vasospasm developing after 20 weeks of gestation (1)(2)(3). It is a rapidly progressive condition traditionally defined by increased blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg), fluid retention and proteinuria (4). The ACOG revised guidelines define preeclampsia as a de-novo and abrupt onset persistent hypertension associated with proteinuria or pathological edema or thrombocytopenia or impaired liver or kidney function or new onset of cerebral or visual disturbances (1,5).…”

Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum-graecum Supplemented Chapatis Safely Improve HbA1c, Body Weight, Waist Circumference, Blood Lipids, and Fatty Liver in Overweight and Diabetic Subjects: A Twelve-Week Safety and Efficacy Study

“…Anthropometric variables serve as basic components of validated algorithms for estimating the risk of cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. [35][36][37][38]43,44 In our study, all anthropometric variables were positively affected at 6 and 12 weeks with a linear trend for improvement. These results are similar to a study of T2D patients with BMI = 28.01 kg/m 2 , FBG >133, and HbA1c >7.0 and no dietary or lifestyle modifications, in which subjects received 1:1 combinations of encapsulated N. sativa and fenugreek at doses ranging from 1000 to 2000 mg/day with glibenclamide.…”

“…In addition to waist, hip, and waist/hip measurements, the index of central obesity (ICO) was computed as a parameter of central obesity using the formula: WC (cm)/Height (cm). 35 The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III guidelines were used to determine the number of MetS diagnostic criteria exhibited by each subject. 36 The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease algorithm ( ) was used to estimate the risk of stroke or heart disease over 10 years (cardiovascular risk score [CRS]).…”

Evaluation of a Summary Score for Dyslipidemia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation (The Doi Score) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Relationship with Obesity

“…Small dense LDL particles are particularly atherogenic forms of lipoprotein which may be increased in hyperandrogenic and insulin resistant PCOS patients (6). Additionally, elevated levels of oxidised LDL (OxLDL), a reliable predictor for coronary artery disease (CAD), have been detected in PCOS patients indicating that altered lipid metabolism in PCOS is associated with oxidative stress (OS) (7).…”