Wood Anatomy of Endemic RHAMNUS Species In The Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Akkemik, Ünal; Efe, Asuman; Kaya, Zafer; Demir, Dilek

doi:10.1163/22941932-90001641

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, it is determined that as semi-ring porous or ring porous and heterocellular rays. In earlier studies, Fahn et al (1986), Akkemik et al (2007) and Akgün et al (2010) stated that various ray types are found in Rhamnus.…”

Section: Wood Anatomymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The low mesomorphy value (<75) is emphasized as an indicator of xeromorphy (Wheeler & Baas, 1991). The mesomorphy value of Rhamnus species grown in Mediterranean climate was calculated between 11 and 23 (Akkemik et al, 2007) and between 12 and 22 (Akgün et al, 2010). Although the mesomorphy value of R. microcarpa was found to be higher than Rhamnus taxa of Mediterranean origin, it can be said that this species in the form of dwarf shrub, wrapped on rocks, is xerophyte.…”

Section: Wood Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rhamnus microcarpa (Rhamnaceae)'nın morfolojik, anatomik ve mikromorfolojik karakterizasyonu

Eminağaoğlu

Ozcan

Bak

et al. 2020

Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

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In this study, general morphological characteristics, the leaf and wood anatomical characteristics and, leaf micromorphological features of Rhamnus microcarpa, which is native in Artvin were investigated in detail. Leaves broadly ovate, 3.0-5.5 x 1.9-3.9 cm; stipules 4-7 mm; pinnately 7-10 veined; petiol 6-15 mm. Bud scales dark brown transverse band at the base. Wood was semi-ring porous to ring porous, rays heterocellular, fibers thick-walled especially in latewood. In leaves, dorsiventral mesophyll, hypostomatic type stomata and simple unicellular trichomes observed. Also, epicuticle scales in the lower leaf surface observed. ÖZ Bu çalışmada, Artvin'de doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Rhamnus microcarpa'nın genel morfolojik özellikleri, yaprak ve odun anatomik özellikleri ve yaprak mikromorfolojik özellikleri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Yapraklar geniş yumurtamsı, 3.0-5.5 x 1.9-3.9 cm; stipüller 4-7 mm; damar sayısı 7-10; yaprak sapı 6-15 mm'dir. Tomurcuk pullarının tabanında koyu kahverengi enine şeritler bulunur. Odun yarı halkalı veya halkalı traheli, özışınları heteroselüler, özellikle yaz odununda lifler kalın çeperlidir. Yapraklarda dorsiventral mezofil, hipostomatik tip stoma ve basit üniselüler tüyler tespit edildi. Ayrıca, yaprak alt yüzeylerinde epikütikular pullar gözlendi.

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Section: Wood Anatomymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Wood Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhamnus microcarpa (Rhamnaceae)'nın morfolojik, anatomik ve mikromorfolojik karakterizasyonu

Eminağaoğlu

Ozcan

Bak

et al. 2020

Turkish Journal of Biodiversity

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“…or Juniperus foetidissima Willd. [ 47 , 48 ], recovered from the archaeological sites of Acemhöyük, Karahöyük Konya, Kültepe and Porsuk in Turkey (Anatolia) ( Fig 2 ) [ 20 , 23 , 31 , 42 ], along with previously published 14 C data [ 22 , 40 ] on Juniperus spp. material from the archaeological site of Gordion in Turkey [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology

et al. 2016

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500 years of ancient Near Eastern history from the earlier second millennium BCE, including such pivotal figures as Hammurabi of Babylon, Šamši-Adad I (who conquered Aššur) and Zimrilim of Mari, has long floated in calendar time subject to rival chronological schemes up to 150+ years apart. Texts preserved on clay tablets provide much information, including some astronomical references, but despite 100+ years of scholarly effort, chronological resolution has proved impossible. Documents linked with specific Assyrian officials and rulers have been found and associated with archaeological wood samples at Kültepe and Acemhöyük in Turkey, and offer the potential to resolve this long-running problem. Here we show that previous work using tree-ring dating to place these timbers in absolute time has fundamental problems with key dendrochronological crossdates due to small sample numbers in overlapping years and insufficient critical assessment. To address, we have integrated secure dendrochronological sequences directly with radiocarbon (14C) measurements to achieve tightly resolved absolute (calendar) chronological associations and identify the secure links of this tree-ring chronology with the archaeological-historical evidence. The revised tree-ring-sequenced 14C time-series for Kültepe and Acemhöyük is compatible only with the so-called Middle Chronology and not with the rival High, Low or New Chronologies. This finding provides a robust resolution to a century of uncertainty in Mesopotamian chronology and scholarship, and a secure basis for construction of a coherent timeframe and history across the Near East and East Mediterranean in the earlier second millennium BCE. Our re-dating also affects an unusual tree-ring growth anomaly in wood from Porsuk, Turkey, previously tentatively associated with the Minoan eruption of the Santorini volcano. This tree-ring growth anomaly is now directly dated ~1681–1673 BCE (68.2% highest posterior density range), ~20 years earlier than previous assessments, indicating that it likely has no association with the subsequent Santorini volcanic eruption.

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“…This makes analyses (specifically including anatomical evaluation [as in Fahn et al 1986;Andersen and Krzywinski 2007;Akkemik and Yaman 2012]) of Egyptian examples of these woods essential.…”

Section: S89mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Rings and the Chronology of Ancient Egypt

Creasman

2014

Radiocarbon

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A fundamental aspect of ancient Egyptian history remains unresolved: chronology. Egyptologists (and researchers in related fields that synchronize their studies with Egypt) currently rely on a variety of insufficiently precise methodologies (king lists, radiocarbon dating, etc.) from which to derive seemingly "absolute" dates. The need for genuine precision has been recognized for a century, as has the potential solution: dendrochronology. This manuscript presents a case for further progress toward the construction of a tree-ring chronology for ancient Egypt.

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Wood Anatomy of Endemic RHAMNUS Species In The Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Rhamnus microcarpa (Rhamnaceae)'nın morfolojik, anatomik ve mikromorfolojik karakterizasyonu

Rhamnus microcarpa (Rhamnaceae)'nın morfolojik, anatomik ve mikromorfolojik karakterizasyonu

Integrated Tree-Ring-Radiocarbon High-Resolution Timeframe to Resolve Earlier Second Millennium BCE Mesopotamian Chronology

Tree Rings and the Chronology of Ancient Egypt

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