Word priming in schizophrenia: Associational and semantic influences

Nestor, Paul G.; Valdman, Olga; Niznikiewicz, Margaret; Spencer, Kevin; McCarley, Robert W.; Shenton, Martha E.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.10.010

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Semantic relatedness disturbances that could contribute to the failure to recognize or make use of semantic associations in schizophrenia have been reported previously in priming studies [74][75][76] (see Minzenberg et al 39 for a review), studies looking at clustering of responses along common dimensions during semantic fluency tasks, 77,78 and studies in which subjects are asked to make judg- (REPRINTED) ARCH GEN PSYCHIATRY/ VOL 64 (NO. 9), SEP 2007ments of proximity, congruency, or relatedness between concepts.…”

Section: Abnormal Semantic Relatedness Processingmentioning

confidence: 80%

Selective Abnormal Modulation of Hippocampal Activity During Memory Formation in First-Episode Psychosis

Achim

Bertrand²,

Sutton³

et al. 2007

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Context: Memory is one of the cognitive functions most affected in schizophrenia, with deficits observed from the first episode of psychosis (FEP). Previous studies have indicated that some memory processes may be more affected than others.Objective: To examine the neural correlates of 3 specific memory processes in FEP by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Design: Case-control study. Main Outcome Measures:Behavioral performance and regional brain activity measured during memory encoding by fMRI. Our fMRI design included 3 within-subject contrasts (associative vs item-oriented encoding, encoding of arbitrary vs semantically related image pairs, and successful vs unsuccessful memory encoding) that were then used for group conjunctions and between-group analyses.Results: Patients with FEP showed normal activation of several brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and parahippocampal cortex, during successful memory encoding and associative encoding. In contrast, the hippocampus and surrounding medial temporal areas showed reduced activity during the encoding of arbitrary pairs. This selective dysfunction reflected by abnormal brain activation during encoding was accompanied by a greater deficit for subsequent recognition of arbitrary pairs relative to the semantically related pairs.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that, in the same group of patients with FEP, the hippocampus could show either normal or abnormal modulation of activation depending on the specific cognitive process that was examined. The normal modulation of hippocampal activation observed during successful memory encoding in FEP argues against a general inability to recruit this region. Instead, the dysfunction was specifically linked to semantic relatedness. This selective deficit seems to affect memory performance in FEP and denotes an important representational problem that may confer greater vulnerability to psychotic disorders and would thus be interesting to examine in high-risk populations. Psychiatry. 2007;64(9):999-1014 Arch Gen

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Section: Abnormal Semantic Relatedness Processingmentioning

confidence: 80%

Selective Abnormal Modulation of Hippocampal Activity During Memory Formation in First-Episode Psychosis

Achim

Bertrand²,

Sutton³

et al. 2007

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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“…In a recent study, healthy controls were primed more for lexical decisions on target words related with primes via two relationships ("semantic-and-associated", e. g., "doctor-NURSE") than for pairs related only semantically (e.g., "deer-PONY") or only associatively (e.g., "bee-HONEY"); on the contrary, schizophrenics showed greater priming for associated-only pairs than for those related only semantically or both semantically and associatively [61]. This pattern was attributed to "an associational bias that leads to restricted semantic integration and contributes to disturbed thinking" (ibid, p. 142).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Selectively Enhances Lexical Associative Priming

Argyropoulos

2011

Cerebellum

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Recent research in cerebellar cognitive and linguistic functions makes plausible the idea that the cerebellum is involved in processing temporally contiguous linguistic input. In order to assess this hypothesis, a simple lexical decision task was constructed to study whether the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on two different cerebellar sites would have a selective impact on associative as opposed to semantic priming. This is the first experiment applying transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum to a linguistic task. The results show a selective drop in lexical decision accuracy after stimulation of a medial cerebellar site in the first session of participation. Most importantly, they also demonstrate a selective increase of associative priming sizes after stimulation of the same site that cannot be attributed to changes in sensorimotor performance or in accuracy rates. The finding is discussed within the context of domain-general associative cerebellar computations.

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“…Abnormally large semantic priming effects (enlarged RT difference between the related condition and the unrelated condition) for directly associated words (e.g. glasses -eye) has been found in patients with psychotic disorder and especially in patients with formal thought disorder (FTD) (Chenery et al, 2004;Moritz et al, 2001a;Nestor et al, 2006;Spitzer et al, 1993Spitzer et al, , 1994. This activation was found to be additionally increased when indirect associates were used (i.e., prime-target relations which are mediated by one other concept e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple factors may contribute to the emergence -or lack of the semantic priming effect, including short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA; the interval between prime and target onset) and semantic relationship (Alario et al, 2000;Moritz et al, 2001b;Nestor et al, 2006). Duration of SOA influences whether automatic or strategic processes operate in the semantic priming effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrophysiological correlates of automatic spreading of activation in patients with psychotic disorder and first-degree relatives

Pfeifer

Schiller

et al. 2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Word priming in schizophrenia: Associational and semantic influences

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Selective Abnormal Modulation of Hippocampal Activity During Memory Formation in First-Episode Psychosis

Selective Abnormal Modulation of Hippocampal Activity During Memory Formation in First-Episode Psychosis

Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Selectively Enhances Lexical Associative Priming

Electrophysiological correlates of automatic spreading of activation in patients with psychotic disorder and first-degree relatives

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