Work function of sol–gel indium tin oxide (ITO) films on glass

Biswas, Prasanta Kumar; De, Arijit; Dua, Laxmikanta; Chkoda, L.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.03.042

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The deposition of TCOs on the substrate can be made using several physical or chemical methods, such as spincoating [8], magnetron sputtering [9], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [10], vacuum evaporation [11], reaction evaporation [12] and the sol-gel process [6,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The sol-gel method has several advantages, including simplicity, low cost, easily controlled doping levels and feasible preparation of large area films [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of solvents and the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating process

et al. 2014

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In this study, tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) thin films were produced by the sol-gel spin-coating technique with an inexpensive salt of indium (In(NO 3 ) 3-H 2 O) and SnCl 4 as indium and tin precursors (the molar ratio of In:Sn was 9:1), respectively. Then the prepared thin films were annealed in the temperature of 550°C under argon atmosphere (the pressure of 10 torr). Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) was used as stabilizers in the synthesis of ITO sol. The prepared ITO thin films were characterized by EDX, XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM images. The XRD patterns of the thin films indicated the main peak of the (2 2 2) plane corresponded to indium oxide with high degree of crystallinity. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed that indium tin oxide has been prepared by appearance of a peak at 470 cm -1 that can be assigned to the vibrations of In-O bonds. The optical direct band gap of ITO thin films was calculated about 3.98-4.17 eV by optical transmittance measurements. The grain size of ITO nanoparticles was obtained at about 25-50 nm by SEM images. The electrical characterization was done by the four-point probe method to determine the sheet resistance and resistivity. The effects of coating number on ITO thin films properties were investigated. The low resistivity (sheet resistance of 2.5 kX/cm 2 ) and highly transparent films were obtained that can be applied as covers on heater windows. Appearance of a peak at 470 cm -1 can be assigned to the vibrations of In-O bonds and are characteristic of cubic In 2 O 3 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of solvents and the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating process

et al. 2014

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“…4, the characteristic peaks at 2u = 21.5, 30.5, 35.4, 51.0, and 60.78 correspond to the primary diffractions of (2 1 1), (2 2 2), (4 0 0), (4 4 0), and (6 2 2) crystalline planes in cubic bixbyite structure of the In 2 O 3 . No phases corresponding to tin or to other tin compounds were detected indicating that the tin atoms were doped substitutionally in the In 2 O 3 lattice [24,25]. For the composites, besides the crystalline peaks of ITO, the diffractograms display partially crystalline areas at about 218 which could be assigned to the presence of hard segment in the polyurethane such as benzene rings.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

Optically active polyurethane@indium tin oxide nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization and study of infrared emissivity

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2012

Materials Research Bulletin

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“…Several deposition techniques are reported to obtain ITO thin‐films including spray pyrolysis, [ 8 ] sol–gel methods, [ 9 ] pulsed laser deposition, [ 10 ] e‐beam evaporation, [ 11 ] physical vapor deposition, [ 12 ] chemical vapor deposition, [ 13 ] and atomic layer deposition (ALD). [ 14 ] Among these methods, ALD is a thin‐film deposition technique that is based on alternating, self‐limiting chemical reactions between gaseous precursors and a solid surface to produce high quality, uniform and conformal coatings even at low growth temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Layer Deposition of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide as Multifunctional Coatings on V₂O₅ Thin‐Film Model Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zhao

Nisula

Dhara

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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LIBs that provided an understanding of how ITO works in LIBs. There are three main ways ITO materials have been exploited-i) As an electrode protecting layer: [5] ITO coated on LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) showed enhancement in the electrochemical performance when compared to pristine LMO. It is believed that the conductive ITO layer can reduce cell polarization, interparticle resistance, and charge-transfer resistance between LMO particles and the electrolyte solution. Furthermore, the ITO layer could suppress Mn dissolution as well. ii) As a current collector: [6] The electronic conductivity of ITO makes it comparable to the commonly used current collector such as Cu, Pt, and TiN. Additionally, oxidation, a major issue for TiN and Cu current collectors, does not occur in ITO as the ions involved are already in the highest oxidation state (In 3+ and Sn 4+). This makes ITO a promising candidate to serve as a current collector especially suitable for potentially high temperature conditions. iii) As an anode: [7] In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 are electrochemically active toward lithium at the potential range of 0-3 V (vs Li + /Li) with high theoretical capacities (In 2 O 3 578 mAh g −1 , SnO 2 782 mAh g −1). Based on this background, it is believed that ITO can also be exploited as a potential anode material for LIBs. Several deposition techniques are reported to obtain ITO thin-films including spray pyrolysis, [8] sol-gel methods, [9] pulsed laser deposition, [10] e-beam evaporation, [11] physical vapor deposition, [12] chemical vapor deposition, [13] and atomic layer deposition (ALD). [14] Among these methods, ALD is a thin-film deposition technique that is based on alternating, self-limiting chemical reactions between gaseous precursors and a solid surface to produce high quality, uniform and conformal coatings even at low growth temperatures. [15] The ALD method enables precise control over the thickness, composition, and structure (such as intermixed or laminated structure) of the films and allows for conformal coatings to be applied on all exposed complex surfaces, such as 3D silicon micropillars, [16] 3D anodic aluminum oxide, [17] aerogel, [18] and mesoporous membranes. [19] The preparation of ITO thinfilms via the ALD method was reported in several previous This work demonstrates the possible usages of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin-films as multifunctional coatings on V 2 O 5 model electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The thin films are produced with the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method via adjusting the ratio of In 2 O 3 and SnO 2 sub-layers to a well-controlled In: Sn contents. The highest conductivity value (7.37 × 10 −4 Ω cm) of as-grown ITO film is obtained from the sample containing 5% SnO 2 of overall ALD cycles. The ITO thin-films are further investigated as multifunctional coatings on ALD V 2 O 5 electrodes for LIBs: At first, dual electronic and ionic conductive protecting properties of ITO layer are explored to attenuate the fading of the battery capacity by improving the cycling stability. Second, the feasi...

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Work function of sol–gel indium tin oxide (ITO) films on glass

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of solvents and the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating process

The effect of solvents and the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating process

Optically active polyurethane@indium tin oxide nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization and study of infrared emissivity

Atomic Layer Deposition of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide as Multifunctional Coatings on V₂O₅ Thin‐Film Model Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Work function of sol–gel indium tin oxide (ITO) films on glass

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of solvents and the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating process

The effect of solvents and the thickness on structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films prepared by a sol–gel spin-coating process

Optically active polyurethane@indium tin oxide nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization and study of infrared emissivity

Atomic Layer Deposition of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide as Multifunctional Coatings on V2O5 Thin‐Film Model Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Indium‐Tin‐Oxide as Multifunctional Coatings on V₂O₅ Thin‐Film Model Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries