Work time, work interference with family, and psychological distress.

Abstract

Despite public concern about time pressures experienced by working parents, few scholars have explicitly examined the effects of work time on work-family conflict. The authors developed and tested a model of the predictors of work time and the relationships between time, work interference with family (WIF). and psychological distress. Survey data came from 513 employees in a Fortune 500 company. As predicted, several work and family characteristics were significantly related to work time. In addition, work time was significantly, positively related to WIF, which in turn was significantly, negatively related to distress. The results suggest that work time fully or partially mediates the effects of many work and family characteristics on WIF.

An examination of gender differences in the impact of individual and organisational factors on work hours, work-life conflict and psychological strain in academics

“…Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that: Kanungo (1982) reported that academics have high job involvement and that their work forms part of their core identity. Research indicates that highly job involved employees work longer hours (Eby et al, 2005;Major et al, 2002). Previous work in the Australian university sector has found that men report higher levels of job involvement than women (Winefield et al, 2008), however, this research included both academic and non-academic university employees and must therefore be interpreted with caution.…”

“…Major et al (2002) reported that work hours are strongly influenced by the organisational work hour expectations communicated to employees. Furthermore, research suggested that women are more negatively affected by long working hour expectations than are men (Posig & Kickul, 2004).…”

“…This study builds upon the work of Major, Klein, and Erhart (2002), who expanded the Rational Model of Work-Life Conflict by examining the relationship between a number of predictors and consequences of long working hours in American corporate workers. The current study extends this line of research by examining the moderating role of gender in relation to predictors and consequences of work-life conflict in an academic working context.…”

“…Building upon the work of Major et al (2002), the current study tests a new Extended Rational Model which includes key predictors of work hours and work-life conflict that have been identifed as important for academics. Specifically, multi-group structural equation modeling is used to examine the direct and indirect effects of individual factors (i.e.…”

Identifying Key Workplace Stressors Affecting Twentieth Air Force: Analyses Conducted from December 2012 Through February 2013

“…According to many reviews of the literature (see, for example, Sparks et al, 1997), the stress and fatigue that sometimes result from longer work hours can affect employee health and well-being. In addition, longer hours may affect work-family conflict, leading to further stress in both personal and professional settings (Major, Klein, and Ehrhart, 2002).…”