“…Research by Amoah-Binfoh et al ( 2016) and Rahman et al (2021) highlights the connection between low trust, managerial practices, and overall performance. Seok et al (2014) identified factors contributing to employee trust: status privileges, competency, benevolence, workerleader relationships, and department head integrity. In their subsequent study, Seok et al (2015) emphasized competency, integrity, and work relationships as crucial elements affecting trust.…”