Working memory as a predictor of negative symptoms and functional outcome in first episode psychosis

González-Ortega, Itxaso; Mozos, Vanesa de los; Echeburúa, Enrique; Mezo, Maria; Besga, Ariadna; Azúa, Sonia Ruíz de; González-Pinto, A.; Gutiérrez, Miguel; Zorrilla, Iñaki; González‐Pinto, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.025

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…This is especially true for positive symptoms. In concordance with the literature, the present analyses show that negative symptoms are more consistently related to both current (Chang et al, 2011;Bourdeau et al, 2012;Evensen et al, 2012a,b) and future levels (Albert et al, 2011;Álvarez-Jiménez et al, 2012;Vesterager et al, 2012;González-Ortega et al, 2013) of psychosocial functioning than positive symptoms (Albert et al, 2011;Faber et al, 2011;Ventura et al, 2011;Chang et al, 2012). Also, severity levels of both positive and negative symptoms do not appear to be strong predictors of psychosocial functioning after 12 months (Albert et al, 2011;Faber et al, 2011;Chang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Comparison With Earlier Studiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychotic symptoms, cognition and affect as predictors of psychosocial problems and functional change in first-episode psychosis

Stouten

Veling

Laan

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Comparison With Earlier Studiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychotic symptoms, cognition and affect as predictors of psychosocial problems and functional change in first-episode psychosis

Stouten

Veling

Laan

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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“…In addition, a meta-analysis that focused primarily on studies of chronic patients indicated that negative symptoms mediated the relationship between neurocognition and functional outcome (Ventura et al, 2009a). This relationship has recently been observed in first episode patients cross-sectionally and in a 5-year follow-up study, confirming the influence of negative symptoms on functioning (González-Ortega et al, 2012; Lin et al, 2013). Further, the presence of negative symptoms at baseline has been proposed as a risk factor that contributes to the failure to achieve functional recovery (Albert et al, 2011; Leslie et al, 2004; Siegel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Such interventions are needed to actively prevent negative symptoms in the first outpatient year from persisting into the chronic period of illness (Crespo-Facorro et al, 2013; González-Ortega et al, 2012). Following a recovery model, these results provide support for intervening and treating negative symptoms early in the hope that this may prevent those symptoms from disrupting both short-term and long-term work and school functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative symptoms and functioning during the first year after a recent onset of schizophrenia and 8years later

Ventura¹,

Subotnik²,

Gitlin³

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

128

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Background Understanding the longitudinal course of negative symptoms, especially in relationship to functioning, in the early phase of schizophrenia is crucial to developing intervention approaches. The course of negative symptoms and daily functioning was examined over a one-year period following a recent onset of schizophrenia and at an 8-year follow-up point. Methods The study included 149 recent-onset schizophrenia patients who had a mean age of 23.7 (SD=4.4) years and mean education of 12.9 (SD=2.2) years. Negative symptom (BPRS and SANS) and functional outcome (SCORS) assessments were conducted frequently by trained raters. Results After antipsychotic medication stabilization, negative symptoms during the first outpatient year were moderately stable (BPRS ICC=0.64 and SANS ICC=0.66). Despite this overall moderate stability, 24% of patients experienced at least one period of negative symptoms exacerbation. Furthermore, entry level of negative symptoms was significantly associated with poor social functioning (r =−.34, p < .01) and work/school functioning (r =−.25, p < .05) at 12 months, and with negative symptoms at the 8-year follow-up (r =.29, p <.05). Discussion Early negative symptoms are fairly stable during the first outpatient year, are predictors of daily functioning at 12 months, and predict negative symptoms 8 years later. Despite the high levels of stability, negative symptoms did fluctuate in a subsample of patients. These findings suggest that negative symptoms may be an important early course target for intervention aimed at promoting recovery.

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“…When investigating the clinical relevance of our cognitive findings we found poorer cognitive ability, specifically reasoning and problem solving and social cognition at illness onset, to predict greater negative symptom severity four years later. Longitudinally, performance on a variety of cognition domains at illness onset, such as processing speed, IQ, working memory and verbal learning, have been found to relate to the course of negative symptom severity (Leeson et al, 2010;Carlsson et al, 2006;Bora and Murray, 2013;González-Ortega et al, 2013). Taken together, these data support cognition at illness onset as a potential predictive indicator of illness course; however, there is yet heterogeneity as to which exact cognitive domain which relates to negative symptom severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cognitive course in first-episode psychosis and clinical correlates: A 4 year longitudinal study using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery

Kenney

Anderson‐Schmidt

Scanlon

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

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While cognitive impairments are prevalent in first-episode psychosis, the course of these deficits is not fully understood. Most deficits appear to remain stable, however there is uncertainty regarding the trajectory of specific cognitive domains after illness onset. This study investigates the longitudinal course of cognitive deficits four years after a first-episode of psychosis and the relationship of performance with clinical course and response to treatment.Twenty three individuals with psychotic illness, matched with 21 healthy volunteers, were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at illness onset and 4 years later. We also investigated the relationship between cognitive deficits and quality of life and clinical indices.Verbal learning and two measures of processing speed had marked poorer trajectory over four years compared to the remaining cognitive domains. Processing speed performance was found to contribute to the cognitive deficits in psychosis. Poorer clinical outcome was associated with greater deficits at illness onset in reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. Cognitive deficits did not predict quality of life at follow-up, nor did diagnosis subtype differentiate cognitive performance.In conclusion, an initial psychotic episode may be associated with an additional cost on verbal learning and two measures of processing speed over a time spanning at least four years. Moreover, processing speed, which has been manipulated through intervention in previous studies, may represent a viable therapeutic target. Finally, cognition at illness onset may have a predictive capability of illness course.

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Working memory as a predictor of negative symptoms and functional outcome in first episode psychosis

Cited by 67 publications

References 89 publications

Psychotic symptoms, cognition and affect as predictors of psychosocial problems and functional change in first-episode psychosis

Psychotic symptoms, cognition and affect as predictors of psychosocial problems and functional change in first-episode psychosis

Negative symptoms and functioning during the first year after a recent onset of schizophrenia and 8years later

Cognitive course in first-episode psychosis and clinical correlates: A 4 year longitudinal study using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery

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