“…Especially when there is parent–child conflict, therapists need to communicate flexibly in order to help all family members, but particularly the adolescent, to feel included in the therapeutic process (Friedlander, Escudero, & Heatheringon, 2006). To do so, therapists need to take into account the typical characteristics of adolescents that challenge the development of a personally meaningful experience in therapy (Diamond et al, 2000; Sharry, 2004). In general, adolescents have less ability than adults to think abstractly and communicate verbally, and many teenagers are private, self-conscious, and awkward (Sharry, 2004).…”