Workload Assessment of a Mobile Air Defense Missile System

Hill, Steven C.; Zaklad, Allen L.; Bittner, Alvah C.; Byers, James C.; Christ, Richard E.

doi:10.1177/154193128803201616

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Using a computer game representing a complex decision-making environment, we concurrently measured subjective workload and performance at regular intervals preceding and following shifts in task demand. A single-item, global measure of subjective workload was used because (a) such measures are equally if not more sensitive to different levels of subjective workload when compared to multi-item measures (Eggemeier, Shingledecker, & Crabtree, 1985;Hill, Zaklad, Bittner, Byers, & Christ, 1988;Nataupsky & Abbott, 1987;Verwey & Veltman, 1996;Vidulich & Bortolussi, 1988;Vidulich & Tsang, 1987), and (b) they are less disruptive to performance when administered during task execution (Tsang & Vidulich, 1994). On the basis of the proposition that individuals experience different control states depending on shifts in task demand and workload history, we expected subjective workload's relationship with performance to be more dynamic, changing in both magnitude and direction, at the within-versus the betweenperson level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multilevel Approach to Relating Subjective Workload to Performance After Shifts in Task Demand

et al. 2014

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Objective: The aim of this laboratory experiment was to demonstrate how taking a longitudinal, multilevel approach can be used to examine the dynamic relationship between subjective workload and performance over a given period of activity involving shifts in task demand.Background: Subjective workload and conditions of the performance environment are oftentimes examined via cross-sectional designs without distinguishing withinfrom between-person effects. Given the dynamic nature of performance phenomena, multilevel designs coupled with manipulations of task demand shifts are needed to better model the dynamic relationships between state and trait components of subjective workload and performance.Method: With a sample of 75 college students and a computer game representing a complex decision-making environment, increases and decreases in task demand were counterbalanced and subjective workload and performance were measured concurrently in regular intervals within performance episodes. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling.Results: Both between-and especially within-person effects were dynamic. Nevertheless, at both levels of analysis, higher subjective workload reflected performance problems, especially more downstream from increases in task demand.Conclusion: As a function of cognitive-energetic processes, shifts in task demand are associated with changes in how subjective workload is related to performance over a given period of activity. Multilevel, longitudinal approaches are useful for distinguishing and examining the dynamic relationships between state and trait components of subjective workload and performance.Application: The findings of this research help to improve the understanding of how a sequence of demands can exceed a performer's capability to respond to further demands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multilevel Approach to Relating Subjective Workload to Performance After Shifts in Task Demand

et al. 2014

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“…OW may be recommended for screening because it continues to exhibit modest but consistent OWL factor validities while requiring substantially less time-to-complete (20% of TLX as shown by Hill et al, 1988). TLX may be recommended for precision evaluations because it continues to manifest significantly greater factor validities than the other scales (cf., Hill et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Generic Workload Ratings of a Mobile Air Defense System (LOS-F-H)

Bittner

Byers

Hill

et al. 1989

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting

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Operator workload (OWL) scales were used to obtain ratings of generic mission scenarios and tasks for a mobile air defense missile system (LOS-F-H) following a candidate-selection field evaluation. NASA TLX, SWAT, Overall Workload (OW), and the Modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) ratings were obtained from both crew and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Jackknife factor analysis revealed the presence of only a single "OWL" factor for both crew and SMEs (explaining 75.9% and 82.6% of the respective total variances) and indicated a significant (p c 0.00005) ordering of the mean factor loadings: TLX (0.924) was significantly greater than OW (0.905) and MCH (0.904), which were greater than SWAT (0.778). Subsequent analysis of OWL factor scores indicated that the crew and SMEs yielded essentially equivalent evaluations of OWL for the system variables investigated. This analysis also indicated that the highest levels of OWL were obtained for the track-to-intercept task during dual Rotary-Wing (RW) and Fixed-Wing (FW) attacks, although the ID/IFF task during a dual RW attack was almost as high. These findings are discussed in the context of a methodology for assessing OWL.

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“…It has been reported that the instrument is excellent in reliability, validity, sensitivity, sensitivity, and non-intrusiveness and user acceptance [21]. It has been applied successfully in different multitask contexts, as for example in real [22] and simulated flight tasks [23]- [25], in air combat [26], [27], and using remote-control vehicles [28]. Several studies showed that NASA-TLX can be applied successfully to measuring the workload in the nuclear domain [29]- [31].…”

Section: B Subjective Measure Of Mental Workloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on relationship between information flow rate and mental workload of accident diagnosis tasks in NPPs

Kim

Lee

et al. 2006

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The objective of this study is to investigate experimentally the relationship between an operator's mental workload and the information flow rate of accident diagnosis tasks and further to propose the information flow rate as an analytic method for measuring the mental workload. There are two types of mental workload in the advanced main control room of nuclear power plants: the information processing workload, which is the processing that the human operator must actually perform in order to complete the diagnosis task, and emotional stress workload experienced by the operator. In this study, the focus is on the former. Three kinds of methods are compared to measure the operator's workload: information flow rate, subjective methods, and physiological measures. Information flows for eight accident diagnosis tasks are modeled qualitatively using a stage model and are quantified using Conant's model. The information flow rate is obtained by imposing time limit restrictions for the tasks. National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and Modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) scale are selected as subjective methods. For the physiological measurements, an eye tracking system analyzes eye movements related to the operator's blinking and fixation on regions of interests. Through the experiments, the relationship between the information flow rate of accident diagnosis tasks and the selected measures is investigated. Results indicate that the information flow rate of diagnosis tasks is in high agreement with both subjective rating scores and eye movement parameters related to blinking and fixation on the regions of interest. It appears, then, that information flow rate can be an alternative as an analytic approach for measuring mental workload. By using data on the information flow rate, we can predict the mental workload required for a task without performing experiments in advance.Index Terms-Accident diagnosis tasks, information flow rate, main control rooms, mental workload, nuclear power plants.

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Workload Assessment of a Mobile Air Defense Missile System

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

A Multilevel Approach to Relating Subjective Workload to Performance After Shifts in Task Demand

A Multilevel Approach to Relating Subjective Workload to Performance After Shifts in Task Demand

Generic Workload Ratings of a Mobile Air Defense System (LOS-F-H)

Investigation on relationship between information flow rate and mental workload of accident diagnosis tasks in NPPs

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