Workplace and home smoking restrictions and racial/ethnic variation in the prevalence and intensity of current cigarette smoking among women by poverty status, TUS-CPS 1998-1999 and 2001-2002

Shavers, Vickie L.; Fagan, Pebbles; Alexander, Linda; Clayton, Richard; Doucet, Jennifer M.; Baezconde‐Garbanati, Lourdes

doi:10.1136/jech.2006.046979

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, an apparent success of guidelines actually resulted in a failure and produced an increase in inequalities. 87 These examples suggest that conventional outcomes, such as the level of guideline dissemination, or the overall decrease in disease frequency could not be useful for the assessment of the impact of ECC prevention guidelines. Indeed, it is essential that outcomes help assess whether guidelines produced a significant and long-term effect in terms of ECC prevention within communities at high risk.…”

Section: Identification Of Appropriate Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Why guidelines for early childhood caries prevention could be ineffective amongst children at high risk

Petti¹

2010

Journal of Dentistry

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Section: Identification Of Appropriate Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Why guidelines for early childhood caries prevention could be ineffective amongst children at high risk

Petti¹

2010

Journal of Dentistry

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“…For instance, non Hispanic White Americans are more likely to be current smokers and smoke more heavily than Blacks and Hispanic Whites (Ward et al 2002, Shavers et al 2006). An opposite situation has been described in Brazil, where the proportion of current smokers in Whites is described as 15.3% and 19% among Blacks and Intermediate people (IBGE 2009, INCA 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ethnic ancestry play a role in smoking?

Souza

Araújo

Alencar

et al. 2015

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The higher proportion of smokers among Black people in Brazil has been attributed to socioeconomic disparities, but genetic factors could also contribute for this finding. This study aimed at investigating associations between smoking status with genetically defined ethnic ancestry and socioeconomic features in Brazilians. Blood samples were collected from 448 volunteers (66.7% male; age: 37.1±11.4 years) classified as current smokers (CS: 60.9%), former smokers (FS: 8.9%) and never smokers (NS: 30.1%). Individual interethnic admixtures were determined using a 48 insertion-deletion polymorphisms ancestryinformative-marker panel. CS showed a lower amount of European ancestry than NS (0.837±0.243 X 0.883±0.194, p≤0.05) and FS (0.837±0.243 X 0.864±0.230, p≤0.05), and a higher proportion of African Sub-Saharan ancestry than FS (0.128±0.222 X 0.07±0.174, p≤0.05) and NS (0.128±0.222 X 0.085±0.178, p≤0.05). NS reported a higher number of years in school than CS (11.2±3.7 X 8.9±3.8, p≤0.001). CS were less common in economic Class A (30%) and more common in Class B (56.8%). In multivariate analysis, only lower number of school years and lower economic class were associated with higher chances for CS. The use of genetic molecular markers for characterizing ethnic background confirmed that socioeconomic disparities are the main determinants of higher smoking rates among Blacks in Brazil.

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“…The results from the present study thus provide additional support for the view that smokefree homes may provide higher odds of a person making an attempt to quit smoking than the association with smoke-free workplaces. 22,23 While the relationship between workplace smoking restrictions and home smoking restrictions deserves further investigation, it has been suggested that the difference in effects may be partially related to an inadequate enforcement of workplace smoking restrictions, especially among blue collars workers. 24 This view is further supported by the fact that ND smokers in the current study were most likely to be those that were better educated and, by implication, most likely to be in white collar jobs rather than blue collar jobs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profile of non-daily smokers in South Africa: implications for practice

Ayo‐Yusuf

Szymanski

2009

South African Family Practice

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Background: This study sought to provide an epidemiological profile of non-daily (ND) smokers in South Africa.Methods: Using data obtained from the 1998 South African demographic and health survey (SADHS) -the largest nationally representative dataset available -smokers were classified as non-daily (ND) smokers or daily smokers. NDS were defined as persons aged 18 and over who had ever smoked 100 cigarettes, but did not currently smoke daily.Results: In 1998, an estimated 10% of current smokers were ND smokers (n = 255). Of the ND smokers, 69.7% had smoked daily in the past and currently smoked significantly fewer cigarettes per day (CPD) than current daily smokers (5.4 vs. 9.8). ND smokers were also significantly more likely to have made at least one attempt to quit smoking, live in smoke-free homes, have more than 12 years of schooling and live in urban areas. Compared to past daily ND smokers, those ND smokers who had never smoked daily smoked fewer CPD and were more likely to be younger than 25 years old. Conclusions:The findings of this study suggest that the majority of ND smokers in South Africa are those trying to quit smoking rather than those initiating smoking. Smoking rates among ND smokers are still at a level that has been shown to pose significant health risks, therefore health practitioners should also prioritise non-daily smokers for interventions regarding smoking cessation.This article has been peer reviewed.

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Workplace and home smoking restrictions and racial/ethnic variation in the prevalence and intensity of current cigarette smoking among women by poverty status, TUS-CPS 1998-1999 and 2001-2002

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Why guidelines for early childhood caries prevention could be ineffective amongst children at high risk

Why guidelines for early childhood caries prevention could be ineffective amongst children at high risk

Does ethnic ancestry play a role in smoking?

Epidemiological profile of non-daily smokers in South Africa: implications for practice

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